TABLE C-2 Downs Output,,,,,
Congestion reducing policies,Effectiveness,Cost,Implementation,Acceptability,SRSD
Supply–side,–0.2,0.51,–0.43,0.41,0.00
Supply–side: Rapidly removing accidents,0.88,–0.52,–1,1.74,–1.55
Supply–side: Building added HOV lanes,0.08,1.14,0.40,0.41,–1.41
"Supply–side: Coordinating signals and signs, one-way streets",–1.45,–0.52,–0.89,1.74,–0.25
Supply–side: Improving highway maintenance,0.80,0.31,–0.89,0.41,–0.07
Supply–side: Upgrading city streets,0.08,0.31,–1,0.41,0.42
Supply–side: New or expanded off-road transit systems,–0.65,1.93,0.40,–0.93,0.57
Supply–side: Building new roads without HOV lanes,0.08,1.14,0.30,–0.93,1.11
"Supply–side: Improved transit service, amenities",–1.45,0.31,–0.78,0.41,1.19
Demand–side,0.11,–0.27,0.23,–0.22,0.00
Demand–side: Adopting local growth limits,–1.45,–0.52,–1,1.74,–1.61
Demand–side: Increasing gasoline taxes,0.80,1.97,–1,–0.93,–0.88
Demand–side: Encouraging people to work at home,0.01,–2.01,–0.89,1.74,–0.84
"Demand–side: Encouraging formation of TMAs, ridesharing",–0.65,–0.52,0.40,0.41,–0.52
Demand–side: Parking tax on peak-hour arrivals,1.60,–0.35,1.59,–0.93,–0.35
Demand–side: Instituting peak-hour tolls on main roads,1.60,–0.35,1.48,–0.93,–0.28
Demand–side: Concentrating jobs in areas of new growth,–1.45,1.14,1.59,–0.93,–0.25
Demand–side: Improving the jobs-housing balance,0.01,0.31,1.59,–0.93,–0.16
Demand–side: Changing laws that discourage working at home,0.01,–0.52,–0.89,0.41,–0.09
Demand–side: Clustering high-density housing near transit,–1.45,–0.52,0.40,0.41,–0.05
Demand–side: Keeping densities above minimal levels,0.80,–0.52,1.59,–0.93,0.31
Demand–side: Eliminating incentives for free employee parking,1.60,–0.35,0.30,–0.93,0.47
Demand–side: Increasing automobile license fees,0.01,0.70,–1,–0.93,1.04
Demand–side: Staggered working hours,–0.72,–2.01,0.30,0.41,1.29
Demand–side: Tax deductable commuting allowances,0.88,–0.52,–1,–0.93,1.92
HOV = high-occupancy vehicles,,,,,
SRSD = studentized residual,,,,,
TMA = transportation management association,,,,,