BTS | Table A-3 Zupan Data

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BTS Home > Publications > Journal of Transportation and Statistics > Volume 4 Number 1 > Paper 4

Table A-3 Zupan Data

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TDM Solutions	Effectiveness				Cost			Acceptance				Ease of implementation index
TDM Solutions	SOV reduction	Peak trip reduction	VMT reduction	Transit impact	Employee	Employer	Public capital	Employee	Employer	Municipal	Political	Ease of implementation index
Alternative work schedules: Staggered	None	High	None	None	Same	Higher	Same	High	Low	High	High	3
Alternative work schedules: Flex-time	Negative	High	Negative	Negative	Same	Higher	Same	High	Low	High	High	4
Alternative work schedules: Telecommuting	Positive	Positive	Positive	Highly neg.	Lower	Unknown	Same	Unknown	Unknown	High	Medium	Unknown
Alternative work schedules: Four-day week	Medium	Medium	High	Highly neg.	Lower	Unknown	Same	Medium	Low	High	Medium	3
Alternative modes: Carpools	High	Medium	Medium	Negative	Lower	Varies	Same	Low	Medium	High	High	3
Alternative modes: Vanpools	Medium	Low	Low	Negative	Lower	Higher	Same	Low	Low	High	High	2
Alternative modes: Subscription buses	Low	Low	Low	Positive	Lower	Higher	Same	Low	Low	High	Medium	2
Parking management: Preferential parking	Low	Low	Low	None	Same	Higher	Same	Low	Low	High	High	2
Parking management: Parking pricing	Medium	Medium	Medium	Low	Higher	Same	Same	Negative	Low	Negative	Negative	1
Parking management: Parking ratios	Medium	Medium	Medium	Positive	Same	Lower	Same	Negative	Unknown	Negative	Negative	2
Parking management: Park and rides	Medium	Medium	Medium	Positive	Varies	NA	Higher	Medium	Medium	Varies	High	4
Road pricing: Preferential HOV lanes	Medium	Medium	Medium	Positive	Same	NA	Higher	Varies	Varies	High	Varies	4
Road pricing: Congestion pricing	Medium	High	Medium	Positive	Varies	NA	Lower	Low	Low	Unknown	Negative	Unknown
Transit: Transitchek	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Lower	Same	Same	High	Medium	High	High	5
Transit: Employer sponsored	Low	Low	Low	Low	Varies	Higher	Same	Medium	Low	High	High	4
Transit: Employer subsidized	Low	Low	Low	Low	Varies	Higher	Same	Medium	Low	High	High	5
Land use-zoning: Higher densities	Medium	Medium	High	High	NA	Varies	Lower	NA	NA	Negative	Negative	2
Land use-zoning: Transit-friendly design	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Same	Same	Lower	Medium	Low	Varies	Positive	4
Land use-zoning: Mixed-use development	Unknown	Unknown	Medium	Unknown	Lower	Unknown	Lower	Unknown	Unknown	Varies	Positive	4
Land use-zoning: Growth management	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Same	Unknown	Lower	Unknown	Unknown	Varies	Varies	3
Institutional: Trip reduction ordinances	High	High	High	Low/medium	Varies	Higher	NA	Low	Negative	Varies	Varies	4
Institutional: Transportation management associations	Varies	Varies	Varies	Unknown	Same	Higher	NA	NA	Varies	NA	Positive	NA

* significant at 0.01 level
** significant at 0.05 level
*** 1.00 < t < 2.00
d.f. = degrees of freedom
HOV = high-occupancy vechicle
NA = not applicable
SOV = single-occupancy vehicle
SRSD = studentized residual
TDM = travel demand management
TMA = transportation management association
TSM = transportation system management
U = data are unavailable
VHT = vehicle hours of travel
VMT = vehicle-miles traveled
* Significant at 95% confidence interval.