BTS | Table C-2 Downs Output

Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) - Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA) - United States Department of Transportation (USDOT, US DOT or DOT)

ABOUT RITA | CONTACT US | PRESS ROOM | CAREERS | SITE MAP

Data and Statistics

Bookstore

Programs

About BTS

Upcoming Press Releases

External Links

BTS Home > Publications > Journal of Transportation and Statistics > Volume 4 Number 1 > Paper 4

Table C-2 Downs Output

Excel | CSV

Congestion reducing policies	Effectiveness	Cost	Implementation	Acceptability	SRSD
Supply-side	-0.2	0.51	-0.43	0.41	0.00
Supply-side: Rapidly removing accidents	0.88	-0.52	-1	1.74	-1.55
Supply-side: Building added HOV lanes	0.08	1.14	0.40	0.41	-1.41
Supply-side: Coordinating signals and signs, one-way streets	-1.45	-0.52	-0.89	1.74	-0.25
Supply-side: Improving highway maintenance	0.80	0.31	-0.89	0.41	-0.07
Supply-side: Upgrading city streets	0.08	0.31	-1	0.41	0.42
Supply-side: New or expanded off-road transit systems	-0.65	1.93	0.40	-0.93	0.57
Supply-side: Building new roads without HOV lanes	0.08	1.14	0.30	-0.93	1.11
Supply-side: Improved transit service, amenities	-1.45	0.31	-0.78	0.41	1.19
Demand-side	0.11	-0.27	0.23	-0.22	0.00
Demand-side: Adopting local growth limits	-1.45	-0.52	-1	1.74	-1.61
Demand-side: Increasing gasoline taxes	0.80	1.97	-1	-0.93	-0.88
Demand-side: Encouraging people to work at home	0.01	-2.01	-0.89	1.74	-0.84
Demand-side: Encouraging formation of TMAs, ridesharing	-0.65	-0.52	0.40	0.41	-0.52
Demand-side: Parking tax on peak-hour arrivals	1.60	-0.35	1.59	-0.93	-0.35
Demand-side: Instituting peak-hour tolls on main roads	1.60	-0.35	1.48	-0.93	-0.28
Demand-side: Concentrating jobs in areas of new growth	-1.45	1.14	1.59	-0.93	-0.25
Demand-side: Improving the jobs-housing balance	0.01	0.31	1.59	-0.93	-0.16
Demand-side: Changing laws that discourage working at home	0.01	-0.52	-0.89	0.41	-0.09
Demand-side: Clustering high-density housing near transit	-1.45	-0.52	0.40	0.41	-0.05
Demand-side: Keeping densities above minimal levels	0.80	-0.52	1.59	-0.93	0.31
Demand-side: Eliminating incentives for free employee parking	1.60	-0.35	0.30	-0.93	0.47
Demand-side: Increasing automobile license fees	0.01	0.70	-1	-0.93	1.04
Demand-side: Staggered working hours	-0.72	-2.01	0.30	0.41	1.29
Demand-side: Tax deductable commuting allowances	0.88	-0.52	-1	-0.93	1.92

* significant at 0.01 level
** significant at 0.05 level
*** 1.00 < t < 2.00
d.f. = degrees of freedom
HOV = high-occupancy vechicle
NA = not applicable
SOV = single-occupancy vehicle
SRSD = studentized residual
TDM = travel demand management
TMA = transportation management association
TSM = transportation system management
U = data are unavailable
VHT = vehicle hours of travel
VMT = vehicle-miles traveled
* Significant at 95% confidence interval.