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Table 1-66: Annual Highway Congestion Cost

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Population group Urban area Annual congestion cost per peak traveler (2005 dollars) Annual congestion cost (2005 Dollars- millions)
Value Rank Value Rank
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Medium Akron, OH 212 213 208 202 189 180 197 200 220 186 68 69 74 73 75 78 77 80 79 82 58 60 60 60 58 57 65 67 74 63 65 68 68 69 73 73 72 74 74 76
Medium Albany-Schenectady, NY 155 164 188 202 213 237 276 295 346 401 76 77 75 73 70 70 70 68 66 62 39 43 50 55 60 69 83 92 112 131 72 73 73 71 70 69 69 68 68 65
Medium Albuquerque, NM 526 554 512 497 455 487 567 666 686 757 22 23 35 40 44 44 40 36 37 36 150 160 150 149 138 150 176 208 218 244 48 48 49 51 51 52 50 50 50 49
Medium Allentown-Bethlehem, PA-NJ 390 349 378 377 374 364 397 424 410 449 43 53 49 53 52 54 52 54 59 56 114 105 117 119 121 120 133 143 139 154 53 56 55 56 57 59 61 59 62 59
Small Anchorage, AK 150 150 157 177 182 174 180 181 198 201 77 78 79 76 76 79 80 82 81 80 19 19 21 25 26 26 27 28 31 32 78 81 80 79 79 81 80 81 79 80
Very large Atlanta, GA 930 926 1,033 1,063 1,072 1,094 1,144 1,242 1,247 1,257 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 1,586 1,657 1,923 2,050 2,170 2,295 2,460 2,743 2,841 2,981 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 4
Medium Austin, TX 449 502 563 621 593 627 670 763 786 812 35 31 31 22 29 31 32 29 28 26 197 230 271 315 316 346 375 432 450 471 38 36 33 31 33 34 35 32 32 32
Small Bakersfield, CA 124 127 133 139 168 185 233 269 263 260 80 82 82 83 80 77 73 71 72 73 24 25 28 30 38 44 57 69 73 73 77 77 77 76 75 75 76 73 76 75
Large Baltimore, MD 491 504 584 641 751 800 847 920 958 982 28 30 26 19 13 12 15 16 13 13 533 557 662 749 928 1,010 1,076 1,175 1,236 1,276 20 20 20 19 16 16 16 17 16 16
Small Beaumont, TX 108 128 139 150 180 171 192 208 239 228 82 81 81 82 77 80 79 78 76 77 12 14 16 17 21 21 23 26 30 28 83 82 82 82 82 83 82 82 80 83
Medium Birmingham, AL 442 454 492 512 528 564 619 654 663 679 36 41 38 38 38 35 35 37 39 39 147 154 170 180 189 206 229 245 258 267 49 49 48 48 47 46 47 47 47 46
Very large Boston, MA-NH-RI 533 551 624 657 715 757 868 932 942 945 20 25 19 18 16 17 11 13 16 16 1,012 1,048 1,198 1,279 1,405 1,502 1,747 1,916 1,987 1,996 13 13 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
Small Boulder, CO 186 194 209 217 205 206 222 232 261 229 70 73 73 72 72 75 74 76 73 76 13 13 14 15 15 16 17 18 21 18 82 83 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84
Medium Bridgeport-Stamford, CT-NY 411 457 506 528 553 560 555 627 693 727 41 40 36 35 36 36 41 39 36 38 161 183 209 227 250 259 259 296 332 350 45 44 43 42 42 45 44 40 40 40
Small Brownsville, TX 69 79 95 105 110 119 126 131 145 161 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 6 7 8 10 10 11 12 13 15 17 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85
Large Buffalo, NY 124 143 172 175 180 218 214 233 259 248 80 79 78 77 77 72 75 75 74 74 59 69 86 89 93 115 113 125 139 134 64 65 65 66 66 61 64 65 62 64
Small Cape Coral, FL 350 350 346 383 390 411 427 457 549 599 47 52 55 52 51 47 49 50 44 41 50 52 54 65 71 82 90 102 133 152 69 69 70 68 68 67 67 67 66 60
Small Charleston-North Charleston, SC 439 460 483 480 500 546 587 600 702 781 38 39 39 43 41 39 38 41 35 32 95 103 113 116 122 138 151 155 183 207 57 59 58 59 56 55 55 57 56 52
Medium Charlotte, NC-SC 427 471 572 597 645 665 734 761 827 876 40 37 28 26 23 26 26 30 25 23 162 189 247 273 323 349 407 433 483 525 44 41 35 34 31 32 31 31 31 28
Very large Chicago, IL-IN 580 583 606 617 713 751 823 914 927 921 15 18 22 24 17 18 16 18 19 20 2,270 2,335 2,481 2,598 3,093 3,304 3,670 4,131 4,217 4,207 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Large Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN 441 427 477 455 466 491 493 519 526 535 37 42 40 44 43 43 45 44 45 47 323 329 381 379 403 441 446 474 491 508 28 29 28 30 29 29 29 30 30 30
Large Cleveland, OH 236 253 257 225 213 211 252 246 252 242 66 67 66 71 70 74 71 73 75 75 212 231 239 213 204 206 247 242 251 241 35 35 38 46 46 46 45 48 48 51
Small Colorado Springs, CO 269 325 393 415 408 402 380 507 497 460 61 56 47 46 48 50 55 46 49 54 58 73 94 102 103 103 99 135 137 129 65 64 63 63 63 65 65 62 64 66
Small Columbia, SC 186 213 248 259 268 289 305 320 404 482 70 69 69 69 68 65 67 66 61 52 38 44 53 57 61 67 72 77 99 121 73 72 71 70 69 71 71 71 70 67
Large Columbus, OH 477 476 475 492 497 527 613 639 643 618 31 35 41 42 42 41 37 38 40 40 256 266 275 297 311 343 402 422 431 424 31 32 32 32 34 35 32 33 33 35
Small Corpus Christi, TX 107 127 128 152 145 157 171 188 159 180 83 82 84 81 83 82 82 81 84 83 17 20 21 25 25 27 30 33 28 32 79 79 80 79 80 79 77 77 82 80
Very Large Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 528 608 685 690 712 766 875 982 1,063 1,077 21 16 15 16 19 15 9 9 8 8 1,106 1,332 1,537 1,612 1,737 1,926 2,265 2,578 2,806 2,849 10 9 9 10 10 9 7 6 6 6
Medium Dayton, OH 330 361 355 309 291 279 340 323 329 293 52 49 52 62 63 66 61 65 68 71 116 131 132 118 114 111 137 131 134 120 52 51 52 58 60 63 59 64 65 68
Large Denver-Aurora, CO 648 702 766 763 725 743 815 921 920 913 10 10 10 11 15 19 19 15 20 21 644 726 834 903 880 933 1,037 1,192 1,218 1,240 17 17 17 17 18 17 17 16 17 17
Very large Detroit, MI 750 777 818 871 911 952 975 1,002 1,073 1,090 6 7 7 6 6 5 7 8 6 5 1,507 1,593 1,705 1,849 1,970 2,100 2,174 2,250 2,429 2,472 5 5 7 6 7 7 9 9 9 10
Medium El Paso, TX-NM 165 206 256 275 281 292 352 383 408 382 73 71 67 66 66 64 60 58 60 64 53 69 87 95 99 105 128 141 153 147 68 65 64 65 65 64 62 61 59 63
Small Eugene, OR 141 185 233 188 194 212 211 244 224 215 78 74 70 75 74 73 76 74 78 78 15 21 26 23 24 27 27 32 30 30 81 78 78 81 81 79 80 78 80 82
Medium Fresno, CA 338 372 418 373 367 360 364 396 412 429 49 46 45 54 54 55 56 55 56 59 93 104 121 110 114 115 119 132 144 151 59 57 54 62 60 61 63 63 61 61
Medium Grand Rapids, MI 365 379 384 384 370 382 424 440 458 450 45 45 48 50 53 52 50 53 54 55 94 102 107 112 112 120 135 142 150 148 58 60 60 60 62 59 60 60 60 62
Medium Hartford, CT 249 272 302 290 293 293 332 352 411 415 64 64 62 63 62 63 62 61 58 61 106 119 135 132 136 138 158 170 200 203 54 52 51 52 52 55 53 54 52 53
Medium Honolulu, HI 334 326 322 334 317 359 388 451 464 514 50 55 59 57 60 56 53 52 52 51 118 116 116 123 118 135 147 173 179 199 51 53 56 55 59 57 58 53 58 55
Very large Houston, TX 557 575 638 701 796 843 854 920 1,010 1,071 17 21 18 15 10 10 13 16 10 9 1,064 1,218 1,384 1,638 1,787 1,839 2,000 2,220 2,376 2,482 11 10 10 9 9 10 10 10 10 9
Large Indianapolis, IN 790 765 814 820 852 849 871 882 893 871 5 8 8 9 9 9 10 20 22 24 404 400 433 447 475 480 497 509 522 522 23 24 25 26 26 27 28 28 28 29
Medium Jacksonville, FL 526 516 526 517 588 645 701 715 742 784 22 27 33 37 32 29 29 34 33 31 223 225 237 243 286 326 371 391 419 457 33 37 39 39 36 36 36 36 34 33
Large Kansas City, MO-KS 294 342 326 323 306 319 288 320 346 312 57 54 58 59 61 61 69 66 66 68 204 243 241 243 243 261 237 265 292 267 36 33 37 39 43 44 46 44 42 46
Small Laredo, TX 130 143 156 173 162 204 196 211 239 306 79 79 80 78 81 76 78 77 76 69 11 13 15 17 16 22 22 24 28 37 84 83 83 82 83 82 83 83 82 78
Large Las Vegas, NV 521 552 570 570 595 649 734 807 840 896 25 24 29 32 28 28 26 26 23 22 297 335 374 392 426 482 550 612 654 705 29 28 29 28 28 26 26 26 26 25
Small Little Rock, AR 194 224 213 251 198 236 311 325 377 449 69 68 72 70 73 71 65 64 63 56 31 37 36 44 36 44 62 66 79 97 75 75 75 74 76 75 74 75 72 71
Very large Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA 1,024 1,088 1,126 1,189 1,191 1,186 1,288 1,388 1,471 1,480 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6,216 6,736 7,120 7,669 7,844 7,965 8,741 9,515 10,165 10,328 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Medium Louisville, KY-IN 632 667 701 629 690 728 819 822 830 813 11 13 14 20 20 20 17 23 24 25 265 286 308 283 320 348 398 404 416 409 30 31 31 33 32 33 33 35 36 37
Medium Memphis, TN-MS-AR 354 355 406 429 433 481 510 525 554 537 46 50 46 45 45 45 43 43 43 46 173 177 206 223 231 263 283 296 315 311 41 45 44 44 45 43 41 40 41 41
Very Large Miami, FL 526 600 708 753 784 823 868 930 943 955 22 17 13 13 11 11 11 14 15 14 1,223 1,451 1,838 2,026 2,164 2,355 2,581 2,810 2,891 2,955 8 8 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 5
Large Milwaukee, WI 300 324 348 330 330 338 358 371 353 382 55 57 54 58 59 60 57 60 65 64 201 225 250 245 255 264 282 295 283 307 37 37 34 37 41 42 42 42 44 42
Large Minneapolis - St. Paul, MN 594 626 670 737 671 682 720 813 808 812 13 14 16 14 21 25 28 24 27 26 695 759 835 947 881 921 985 1,131 1,135 1,148 16 16 16 16 17 18 19 18 19 19
Medium Nashville-Davidson, TN 477 512 577 595 649 703 741 782 771 778 31 28 27 27 22 23 25 28 29 33 178 204 243 265 310 355 386 420 418 426 39 39 36 35 35 31 34 34 35 34
Medium New Haven, CT 256 295 318 344 344 343 314 352 368 379 63 61 61 55 56 59 64 61 64 66 67 78 86 97 100 101 94 107 113 117 63 63 65 64 64 66 66 66 67 69
Large New Orleans, LA 339 355 349 339 336 351 355 385 412 422 48 50 53 56 57 58 58 56 56 60 175 186 186 184 185 196 200 218 237 244 40 42 47 47 48 48 49 49 49 49
Very large New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT 516 576 591 591 612 711 814 933 947 951 26 20 24 28 27 22 20 12 14 15 3,670 4,198 4,484 4,587 4,875 5,813 6,756 7,858 8,123 8,180 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Large Oklahoma City, OK 310 362 338 392 409 377 388 385 460 535 54 47 57 47 47 53 53 56 53 47 122 146 140 166 178 168 175 178 217 257 50 50 50 49 49 50 51 52 51 48
Medium Omaha, NE-IA 300 316 357 384 402 407 435 461 525 517 55 58 51 50 49 49 48 48 46 50 89 98 114 127 135 139 150 160 185 184 61 61 57 53 54 54 56 55 54 57
Large Orlando, FL 909 930 1,001 1,057 995 976 988 1,020 1,070 1,080 3 2 3 3 3 4 5 7 7 7 513 543 618 688 675 688 716 766 818 850 21 22 21 21 21 21 22 22 22 22
Medium Oxnard-Ventura, CA 334 416 436 497 521 545 617 728 729 791 50 43 44 40 40 40 36 33 34 29 91 116 126 151 166 180 213 261 271 298 60 53 53 50 50 49 48 45 45 44
Small Pensacola, FL-AL 288 303 322 321 348 387 416 456 525 543 58 60 59 61 55 51 51 51 46 45 42 46 51 53 60 69 77 86 101 106 71 71 72 73 70 69 70 69 69 70
Very large Philadelphia, PA-NJ-DE-MD 460 476 496 559 592 628 669 735 758 786 34 35 37 33 30 30 33 32 32 30 1,107 1,190 1,296 1,519 1,673 1,812 1,945 2,147 2,230 2,316 9 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
Very large Phoenix, AZ 624 683 740 816 765 797 851 1,031 1,006 1,034 12 11 12 10 12 13 14 6 11 11 759 894 1,031 1,185 1,148 1,241 1,390 1,773 1,785 1,891 15 15 15 14 14 14 14 13 13 13
Large Pittsburgh, PA 241 268 256 271 273 271 289 291 281 300 65 65 67 68 67 67 68 69 71 70 213 242 237 256 263 269 288 292 285 304 34 34 39 36 38 41 40 43 43 43
Large Portland, OR-WA 539 579 617 618 589 619 675 743 760 765 18 19 20 23 31 32 31 31 31 34 372 417 463 484 477 526 586 659 696 712 24 23 23 24 25 25 25 25 25 24
Large Providence, RI-MA 265 313 343 385 419 461 493 519 491 566 62 59 56 49 46 46 45 44 51 43 160 193 215 245 273 306 333 351 335 386 46 40 42 37 37 37 37 39 39 39
Medium Raleigh-Durham, NC 438 470 523 543 576 567 621 672 668 733 39 38 34 34 35 34 34 35 38 37 152 171 204 227 260 279 320 364 379 421 47 46 45 42 39 38 38 37 38 36
Medium Richmond, VA 281 283 261 274 283 310 353 372 391 394 59 62 65 67 65 62 59 59 62 63 105 109 107 119 131 152 175 186 198 202 55 55 60 56 55 51 51 51 53 54
Large Riverside-San Bernardino, CA 464 499 568 581 617 703 813 948 978 983 33 32 30 31 25 23 21 11 12 12 337 378 452 486 552 662 804 984 1,062 1,083 26 26 24 23 23 22 21 20 20 20
Medium Rochester, NY 104 122 129 124 127 140 151 163 182 197 84 84 83 84 84 84 83 83 82 81 33 40 43 43 45 52 58 64 74 81 74 74 74 75 74 74 75 76 74 73
Large Sacramento, CA 511 531 589 623 614 659 752 811 825 805 27 26 25 21 26 27 24 25 26 28 335 363 420 465 494 569 670 753 811 806 27 27 26 25 24 24 23 23 23 23
Small Salem, OR 183 205 226 278 289 250 248 263 315 320 72 72 71 65 64 69 72 72 69 67 17 20 23 30 33 29 30 32 39 41 79 79 79 76 77 77 77 78 77 77
Medium Salt Lake City, UT 370 403 470 498 527 554 509 484 494 531 44 44 42 39 39 37 44 47 50 49 166 184 219 240 259 277 260 255 263 287 42 43 41 41 40 39 43 46 46 45
Large San Antonio, TX 404 498 607 585 579 614 701 785 763 765 42 33 21 30 34 33 29 27 30 34 251 316 397 390 399 446 526 600 603 621 32 30 27 29 30 28 27 27 27 27
Large San Diego, CA 575 676 747 842 913 902 1,014 1,076 1,082 1,081 16 12 11 8 5 8 4 5 5 6 771 935 1,067 1,239 1,388 1,411 1,617 1,737 1,774 1,786 14 14 14 13 13 13 13 14 14 14
Very large San Francisco-Oakland, CA 727 756 875 859 883 906 978 1,091 1,163 1,144 7 9 5 7 8 7 6 4 4 4 1,398 1,479 1,742 1,761 1,880 1,993 2,183 2,496 2,703 2,675 6 7 6 8 8 8 8 7 7 8
Large San Jose, CA 688 797 880 930 900 930 903 978 1,060 1,061 9 5 4 4 7 6 8 10 9 10 572 682 768 824 811 850 830 905 1,005 1,013 19 18 18 18 19 20 20 21 21 21
Medium Sarasota-Bradenton, FL 314 362 375 386 396 410 442 460 514 480 53 47 50 48 50 48 47 49 48 53 82 97 104 111 120 130 148 160 183 176 62 62 62 61 58 58 57 55 56 58
Large Seattle, WA 800 803 791 756 740 776 802 908 935 938 4 4 9 12 14 14 22 19 17 17 1,043 1,076 1,091 1,081 1,104 1,213 1,287 1,482 1,556 1,591 12 12 13 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
Small Spokane, WA 162 173 176 161 160 150 148 150 163 178 74 75 77 80 82 83 84 84 83 84 26 29 30 28 28 29 29 29 32 36 76 76 76 78 78 77 79 80 78 79
Medium Springfield, MA-CT 158 169 178 166 171 168 178 201 217 212 75 76 76 79 79 81 81 79 80 79 48 52 56 55 59 59 63 72 78 77 70 69 69 71 72 72 73 72 73 74
Large St. Louis, MO-IL 583 616 648 588 586 554 577 625 608 562 14 15 17 29 33 37 39 40 41 44 588 633 689 640 651 628 665 738 738 697 18 19 19 22 22 23 24 24 24 26
Large Tampa-St Petersburg, FL 538 564 597 666 713 762 819 831 916 928 19 22 23 17 17 16 17 22 21 18 506 547 605 704 777 853 995 1,033 1,169 1,205 22 21 22 20 20 19 18 19 18 18
Medium Toledo, OH-MI 233 258 285 282 267 258 309 290 301 290 67 66 64 64 69 68 66 70 70 72 58 65 74 75 72 72 87 82 86 83 65 67 67 67 67 68 68 70 71 72
Medium Tucson, AZ 489 498 560 598 631 718 766 873 935 923 29 33 32 25 24 21 23 21 17 19 163 170 197 221 238 277 302 355 396 393 43 47 46 45 44 39 39 38 37 38
Medium Tulsa, OK 270 273 302 322 334 353 331 348 417 430 60 63 62 60 58 57 63 63 55 58 97 104 108 126 136 143 154 145 185 192 56 57 59 54 52 53 54 58 54 56
Large Virginia Beach, VA 487 511 468 527 529 521 528 562 596 579 30 29 43 36 37 42 42 42 42 42 356 386 364 423 435 436 446 478 510 501 25 25 30 27 27 30 29 29 29 31
Very large Washington, DC-VA-MD 725 779 859 924 960 1,033 1,080 1,141 1,165 1,271 8 6 6 5 4 3 3 3 3 2 1,371 1,508 1,664 1,846 1,989 2,170 2,290 2,433 2,509 2,762 7 6 8 7 6 6 6 8 8 7
NA 439-Area Average 487 519 550 577 597 617 665 721 738 757 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 116 125 138 148 161 159 171 185 193 199 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
NA 85-Area Average 405 433 466 481 492 513 550 594 621 634 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 453 498 550 590 626 673 742 823 866 887 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
NA Very Large Area Average 671 714 762 795 822 864 939 1,034 1,069 1,084 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1,809 1,980 2,178 2,336 2,488 2,681 2,964 3,311 3,473 3,549 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
NA Large Area Average 481 517 558 581 590 611 657 708 727 734 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 341 378 423 456 479 512 562 616 646 661 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
NA Medium Area Average 315 337 358 364 374 389 416 447 471 481 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 97 106 117 123 131 140 153 168 181 186 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
NA Small Area Average 228 244 255 264 266 281 298 312 349 384 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 32 35 38 41 43 47 51 55 63 71 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

KEY: NA = not applicable

Very large urban areas - over 3 million population.

Large urban areas - over 1 million and less than 3 million population.

Medium urban areas - over 500,000 and less than 1 million population.

Small urban areas - less than 500,000 population.

NOTES

The urban areas included are those containing over 500,000 people and several smaller places mostly chosen by previous sponsors of the Texas Transportation Institute study on mobility.

The cost of congestion is estimated with a value for each hour of travel time and each gallon of fuel. For a more detailed explanation of the formulas used, see the source document.

Methodology and data sources have been changed in 2009 and applied retroactively to past years, these figures are not comparable to those in past editions of NTS.

SOURCE

Texas Transportation Institute, The 2009 Annual Urban Mobility Report (College Station, TX: 2009), Internet site http://mobility.tamu.edu as of Sept. 11, 2009.
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