TABLE 1 - Technical Operating and Descriptive Characteristics for GHG Forecasting Models
Thursday, December 1, 2011
TABLE 1 - Technical Operating and Descriptive Characteristics for GHG Forecasting Models
| NEMS | Markal-Macro | MiniCAM | GREET | TAFV | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model size (data inputs and sourcecode) | Data inputs: 1015 MB Sourcecode: >120 MB | Data inputs: 720 MB Sourcecode: 710 MB | Data inputs: 1 MB Sourcecode: 903 KB Executable: 1 MB | Excel spreadsheet~ 5 MB | Data inputs: several MB Sourcecode: 208 KB |
| Hardware requirements | 512 MB RAM; Pentium processor | 256 MB RAM; Pentium 4; 2 GHz processor | Pentium 4; 1.7 GHz processor | 128 MB RAM; Pentium III; >400 MHz; need 100 MB of space on hard drive | 128 MB RAM; Pentium III; 1,000 MHz; need 1 GB for model operational output |
| Software/platform | PC platform; FORTRAN; Eviews software; OML linear programming software | Linux; DYNAMO modeling language | PC platform; FORTRAN; GUI Windows-based; MS Visual Studio; MS Access; MS Excel | PC platform; GUI with Windows 95 or higher but 98 recommended | Any platform; GAMS software |
| Run time | Standalone1: <1 minute Total Integrated2: 24 hours | 5 minutes | <1 minute | Almost instantaneous; but if in simulation mode using stochastic distributions, then 3 hrs. | 3060 minutes |
| Resources for maintenance | 40 employees; 4 contractors | 2 National Lab employees | 2 National Lab employees | 4 National Lab employees | 2 National Lab employees |
| Transportation sector coverage | TRAN Module: LDV (car and light truck); Freight Truck (medium and heavy-duty); Aviation (wide and narrow-body, and general aviation; Rail (passenger and freight); Waterborne (passenger and freight); Miscellaneous (military, mass transit, recreational boats; criteria pollutant emissions and GHGs | End-user technologies by sector; LDV (car and light truck); heavy trucks; buses; airplanes; shipping; passenger rail; freight rail | Passenger mode: LDV (car and light truck), buses, rail, air, motorcycles. | Light-duty vehicle emissions for 8 advanced engine technologies (including hybrids and fuel cells) in combination with 15 fuel types including hydrogen, dimethyl ether and Fischer-Tropsch diesel | Light-duty vehicles; consumer choice model; auto manufacturers and fuel production and distribution sectors |
| Economic component | Uses Global Insight Macro Model and integrates all sectors of economy including employment and Census division regional models | Macro Growth Model fully integrated | ERB Model: 3 sector economyresidential/commercial, transportation, industrial; long-term trends in economic output | None/not applicable | Uses macroeconomic inputs |
| Forecast period | 20002025 | Through 2050 | Through 2100 | Current year of operation using driving cycle | Through 2030 |
| Time period | Annual | 5 year intervals | 15 yearly increments | Current year of operation using federal driving cycle | Annual |
| Optimizing solution | Dynamic equilibrium convergence with iterations | Constrained least cost dynamic equilibrium | Constrained dynamic equilibrium | None/not applicable but can be used with stochastic processes | Nonlinear optimization solvers |
| Regionality | U.S. by 9 Census divisions; however, some supply modules may be using industry regions also | United States | 14 global regions: U.S., Canada, Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand, Japan, former Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, China, Southeast Asia, Middle East, Africa, Latin America, South Korea, and India | None/not applicable because it measures emissions from a vehicle type and not in aggregate | U.S. and some world energy supply areas |
| Emissions measured | Carbon and criteria pollutants: nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOC), particulates | Carbon dioxide (CO2), SOx, NOx | CO2, nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), CO, NOx, VOC | CO2, CH4, and N2O, and criteria pollutants: VOC, CO, NOx, particulate matter smaller than 10 microns (PM-10), and SOx | CO2 greenhouse gas equivalent; however, the model outputs are usually run through GREET to calculate other emissions |
1 Standalone transportation modeonly the transportation module is operating while the other module components are static.
2 Total Integrated mode refers to a model run, which has all of the modules active or operating and represents a dynamic equilibrium solution.
Sources: Personal c+ommunication with model authorsNEMS Model: John Maples; Markal-Macro Model: Phillip Tseng; Mini-Cam Model: Son H. Kim; GREET Model: Michael Wang; TAFV Model: Paul Leiby.