Table 1 - Performance Measures
Wednesday, November 30, 2011
Table 1 - Performance Measures
| Study | Measure(s) of | Strategies | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effectiveness | Cost | Implementation | Acceptability | ||
| Wagner and Gilbert (1978) | 7 applications + 2 impacts | 2 (capital + operating) | 13 TSM strategies | ||
| Misch and Margolin (1981) | 2 (effect + compatibility) | 1 (cost per VMT or VHT reduced) | 1 (feasibility or prospects) | 1 (feasibility or prospects) | 20 TSM actions |
| Schonfeld and Chadda (1985) | 4 effects + 1 application | 2 (user + general) | 1 (problems and requirements) | 1 (problems and requirements) | 50 travel reduction options |
| Levinson et al. (1987) | 17 (goals or impacts) | 10 TSM strategies | |||
| Bhatt and Higgins (1989) | 1 (results) | 25 TSM programs | |||
| ITE (1989) | 1 (impacts) | 1 (costs) | 1 (implementation) | 55 congestion management tools | |
| Ferguson (1991) | 0 (implied) | 1 (public) | 4 TDM strategy groups | ||
| Downs (1992) | 2 (extent + impact) | 2 (commuter + social) | 2 (institution + administration) | 1 (political) | 23 congestion-reducing policies |
| Zupan (1992) | 1 application + 4 impacts | 3 (employee + employer + public) | 1 (index) | 4 (employee + employer + municipal + public) | 22 TDM solutions |
| Arnold (1993) | 1 (scalar) | 1 (scalar) | 1 (scalar) | 1 (number of agencies) | 53 congestion-reducing measures |
| Comsis (1993) | 1 (vehicle trip reduction) | 22 TDM programs | |||
| OECD (1994) | 8 applications + 8 impacts | 35 congestion control strategies | |||
| McBryan et al. (1996) | 2 applications + 2 impacts | 2 (incremental cost + who pays) | 4 (enabling + implementing authority + time + difficulties) | 33 TDM strategies | |
| ITE (1997) | 1 (benefits/costs) | 1 (benefits/costs) | 1 (implementation) | 82 mobility enhancement tools | |
| Dueker et al. (1998) | 3 applications + 2 impacts | 1 (administration) | 1 (political feasibility) | 10 parking management strategies | |
| Booz-Allen & Hamilton (2000) | 9 direct + 12 indirect effects | 1 (practical feasibility) | 1 (political) | 32 TDM strategies | |
| Totals | 91 | 15 | 14 | 11 | 489 |
* significant at 0.01 level
** significant at 0.05 level
*** 1.00 < t < 2.00
d.f. = degrees of freedom
HOV = high-occupancy vechicle
NA = not applicable
SOV = single-occupancy vehicle
SRSD = studentized residual
TDM = travel demand management
TMA = transportation management association
TSM = transportation system management
U = data are unavailable
VHT = vehicle hours of travel
VMT = vehicle-miles traveled
* Significant at 95% confidence interval.