USA Banner

Official US Government Icon

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure Site Icon

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

U.S. Department of Transportation U.S. Department of Transportation Icon United States Department of Transportation United States Department of Transportation

Table C-1 Arnold Output

Wednesday, November 30, 2011

Table C-1 Arnold Output

Excel | CSV

Congestion-reducing measures Effectiveness Cost Implementation Acceptability SRSD
Add supply 1.70 2.03 1.65 0.36 0.00
Add supply: Reconstructing highways with improved design 1.53 1.93 1.45 1.78 -1.64
Add supply: Constructing new highways 1.98 2.74 1.42 1.39 -1.14
Add supply: Widening by adding general purpose lanes 1.23 1.32 1.12 1.14 -0.62
Add supply: Providing highway grade separations 2.11 2.75 1.96 -0.03 0.28
Add supply: Providing railroad grade separations 1.25 2.71 1.18 -0.08 0.37
Add supply: Constructing HOV lanes 1.98 1.59 2.41 -0.92 1.35
Add supply: Toll-based financing to expedite new facilities 1.80 1.18 2.02 -0.72 1.40
TSM 0.22 -0.33 -0.21 0.31 0.00
TSM: Major intersection improvements 0.58 -0.35 -0.46 2.32 -2.02
TSM: Removing/restricting on-street parking 0.31 -0.85 0.24 1.78 -1.86
TSM: Traffic management during reconstruction -0.27 -0.32 -0.73 1.58 -1.49
TSM: Turn prohibitions -0.29 -0.85 -0.95 1.53 -1.1
TSM: Minor intersection improvements 0.49 -0.66 -1.4 2.12 -1.09
TSM: One-way streets 0.31 -0.85 0.10 1.19 -1.05
TSM: Improving other traffic control devices -0.23 -0.6 -1.15 1.29 -0.71
TSM: Coordinated signal systems (arterial, grid, closed loop) 1.32 -0.71 -0.83 1.88 -0.66
TSM: Converting existing facilities to HOV facilities 0.42 1.00 1.82 -0.96 -0.18
TSM: Goods-movement management -1.32 -0.85 0.92 -0.96 0.00
TSM: Ramp metering -1.05 0.17 0.20 -1.06 0.44
TSM: Arterial access management 0.18 -0.61 0.45 -0.43 0.50
TSM: Providing additional lanes without widening 0.88 -0.15 -0.49 0.31 0.54
TSM: Prohibiting repairs on major routes during peak traffic 1.79 -0.77 -1.22 1.19 0.74
TSM: Incident detection/management system/program -0.57 -0.54 -0.36 -0.67 0.88
TSM: Integrated freeway/arterial surveillance/control system 0.60 0.89 0.69 -1.21 1.03
TSM: Reversible traffic lanes on arterials 0.17 -0.44 0.42 -1.11 1.29
TSM: Traffic surveillance/control system 1.29 0.05 0.35 -0.77 1.44
TSM: Traffic management team -0.12 -0.22 -0.99 -0.82 1.66
TSM: Motorist information system -0.06 0.05 -0.75 -1.01 1.67
TDM -0.74 -0.31 -0.52 -0.32 0.00
TDM: Implementing/improving paratransit services -1.23 0.31 -0.24 0.21 -1.34
TDM: Park and ride lots -0.01 -0.38 -0.13 0.60 -0.91
TDM: Implementing/improving transit fixed-route services -0.88 0.07 -0.72 0.31 -0.84
TDM: Promoting nonvehicular alternatives to auto usage  -1 -0.38 -0.25 -0.08 -0.61
TDM: Subsidizing transit usage -0.7 0.55 -0.63 0.01 -0.6
TDM: Implementing/improving rail services 0.55 1.37 1.19 -0.87 -0.3
TDM: Providing public information on rideshare/transit -0.86 -0.85 -1.6 0.60 -0.26
TDM: Implementing express bus services 0.18 0.51 0.07 -0.28 -0.17
TDM: Government control of parking supply and location -1.48 0.05 -0.3 -0.82 -0.12
TDM: Reducing or not increasing transit fares -0.88 0.60 -0.38 -0.72 0.00
TDM: Alternative work hours (compressed workweek) -0.93 -0.85 -0.77 -0.23 0.13
TDM: Implementing transportation management associations -1.04 -0.85 -0.57 -0.43 0.16
TDM: Communication in lieu of travel (telecommuting) -1.08 -0.51 -0.11 -0.82 0.18
TDM: Daily flexible work hours (staggered/flextime) 0.09 -0.85 -0.85 0.26 0.21
TDM: Commuter matching services -0.13 -0.85 -0.99 0.16 0.30
TDM: Tax incentives for vanpools -0.88 -0.85 -0.12 -0.77 0.36
TDM: Communication in lieu of travel (teleconferencing) -0.89 -0.85 -0.75 -0.52 0.49
TDM: Differential parking rates -1.38 -0.34 -1.02 -1.01 0.80
TDM: Reduced tolls for ridesharers  -1 -0.85 -0.44 -1.01 0.81
TDM: Car/vanpool preferential parking -0.26 -0.62 -0.99 -0.43 0.85
TDM: Guaranteed ride home program -1.64 -0.85 -1.41 -0.82 0.85
Growth control -0.17 -0.25 0.71 -0.42 0.00
Growth control: Growth management -0.28 -0.46 1.53 0.65 -1.85
Growth control: Trip reduction/transit requirements for new developments 0.20 -0.48 1.55 -0.82 0.21
Growth control: Auto-restricted zones 0.72 -0.85 0.86 -0.13 0.30
Growth control: Designing multiuse sites to minimize traffic -0.65 -0.62 -0.38 -0.47 0.65
Growth control: Road/congestion pricing -0.84 1.18 0.00 -1.31 0.68

* significant at 0.01 level
** significant at 0.05 level
*** 1.00 < t < 2.00
d.f. = degrees of freedom
HOV = high-occupancy vechicle
NA = not applicable
SOV = single-occupancy vehicle
SRSD = studentized residual
TDM = travel demand management
TMA = transportation management association
TSM = transportation system management
U = data are unavailable
VHT = vehicle hours of travel
VMT = vehicle-miles traveled
* Significant at 95% confidence interval.