Table C-1 Arnold Output
| Congestion-reducing measures | Effectiveness | Cost | Implementation | Acceptability | SRSD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Add supply | 1.70 | 2.03 | 1.65 | 0.36 | 0.00 |
| Add supply: Reconstructing highways with improved design | 1.53 | 1.93 | 1.45 | 1.78 | -1.64 |
| Add supply: Constructing new highways | 1.98 | 2.74 | 1.42 | 1.39 | -1.14 |
| Add supply: Widening by adding general purpose lanes | 1.23 | 1.32 | 1.12 | 1.14 | -0.62 |
| Add supply: Providing highway grade separations | 2.11 | 2.75 | 1.96 | -0.03 | 0.28 |
| Add supply: Providing railroad grade separations | 1.25 | 2.71 | 1.18 | -0.08 | 0.37 |
| Add supply: Constructing HOV lanes | 1.98 | 1.59 | 2.41 | -0.92 | 1.35 |
| Add supply: Toll-based financing to expedite new facilities | 1.80 | 1.18 | 2.02 | -0.72 | 1.40 |
| TSM | 0.22 | -0.33 | -0.21 | 0.31 | 0.00 |
| TSM: Major intersection improvements | 0.58 | -0.35 | -0.46 | 2.32 | -2.02 |
| TSM: Removing/restricting on-street parking | 0.31 | -0.85 | 0.24 | 1.78 | -1.86 |
| TSM: Traffic management during reconstruction | -0.27 | -0.32 | -0.73 | 1.58 | -1.49 |
| TSM: Turn prohibitions | -0.29 | -0.85 | -0.95 | 1.53 | -1.1 |
| TSM: Minor intersection improvements | 0.49 | -0.66 | -1.4 | 2.12 | -1.09 |
| TSM: One-way streets | 0.31 | -0.85 | 0.10 | 1.19 | -1.05 |
| TSM: Improving other traffic control devices | -0.23 | -0.6 | -1.15 | 1.29 | -0.71 |
| TSM: Coordinated signal systems (arterial, grid, closed loop) | 1.32 | -0.71 | -0.83 | 1.88 | -0.66 |
| TSM: Converting existing facilities to HOV facilities | 0.42 | 1.00 | 1.82 | -0.96 | -0.18 |
| TSM: Goods-movement management | -1.32 | -0.85 | 0.92 | -0.96 | 0.00 |
| TSM: Ramp metering | -1.05 | 0.17 | 0.20 | -1.06 | 0.44 |
| TSM: Arterial access management | 0.18 | -0.61 | 0.45 | -0.43 | 0.50 |
| TSM: Providing additional lanes without widening | 0.88 | -0.15 | -0.49 | 0.31 | 0.54 |
| TSM: Prohibiting repairs on major routes during peak traffic | 1.79 | -0.77 | -1.22 | 1.19 | 0.74 |
| TSM: Incident detection/management system/program | -0.57 | -0.54 | -0.36 | -0.67 | 0.88 |
| TSM: Integrated freeway/arterial surveillance/control system | 0.60 | 0.89 | 0.69 | -1.21 | 1.03 |
| TSM: Reversible traffic lanes on arterials | 0.17 | -0.44 | 0.42 | -1.11 | 1.29 |
| TSM: Traffic surveillance/control system | 1.29 | 0.05 | 0.35 | -0.77 | 1.44 |
| TSM: Traffic management team | -0.12 | -0.22 | -0.99 | -0.82 | 1.66 |
| TSM: Motorist information system | -0.06 | 0.05 | -0.75 | -1.01 | 1.67 |
| TDM | -0.74 | -0.31 | -0.52 | -0.32 | 0.00 |
| TDM: Implementing/improving paratransit services | -1.23 | 0.31 | -0.24 | 0.21 | -1.34 |
| TDM: Park and ride lots | -0.01 | -0.38 | -0.13 | 0.60 | -0.91 |
| TDM: Implementing/improving transit fixed-route services | -0.88 | 0.07 | -0.72 | 0.31 | -0.84 |
| TDM: Promoting nonvehicular alternatives to auto usage | -1 | -0.38 | -0.25 | -0.08 | -0.61 |
| TDM: Subsidizing transit usage | -0.7 | 0.55 | -0.63 | 0.01 | -0.6 |
| TDM: Implementing/improving rail services | 0.55 | 1.37 | 1.19 | -0.87 | -0.3 |
| TDM: Providing public information on rideshare/transit | -0.86 | -0.85 | -1.6 | 0.60 | -0.26 |
| TDM: Implementing express bus services | 0.18 | 0.51 | 0.07 | -0.28 | -0.17 |
| TDM: Government control of parking supply and location | -1.48 | 0.05 | -0.3 | -0.82 | -0.12 |
| TDM: Reducing or not increasing transit fares | -0.88 | 0.60 | -0.38 | -0.72 | 0.00 |
| TDM: Alternative work hours (compressed workweek) | -0.93 | -0.85 | -0.77 | -0.23 | 0.13 |
| TDM: Implementing transportation management associations | -1.04 | -0.85 | -0.57 | -0.43 | 0.16 |
| TDM: Communication in lieu of travel (telecommuting) | -1.08 | -0.51 | -0.11 | -0.82 | 0.18 |
| TDM: Daily flexible work hours (staggered/flextime) | 0.09 | -0.85 | -0.85 | 0.26 | 0.21 |
| TDM: Commuter matching services | -0.13 | -0.85 | -0.99 | 0.16 | 0.30 |
| TDM: Tax incentives for vanpools | -0.88 | -0.85 | -0.12 | -0.77 | 0.36 |
| TDM: Communication in lieu of travel (teleconferencing) | -0.89 | -0.85 | -0.75 | -0.52 | 0.49 |
| TDM: Differential parking rates | -1.38 | -0.34 | -1.02 | -1.01 | 0.80 |
| TDM: Reduced tolls for ridesharers | -1 | -0.85 | -0.44 | -1.01 | 0.81 |
| TDM: Car/vanpool preferential parking | -0.26 | -0.62 | -0.99 | -0.43 | 0.85 |
| TDM: Guaranteed ride home program | -1.64 | -0.85 | -1.41 | -0.82 | 0.85 |
| Growth control | -0.17 | -0.25 | 0.71 | -0.42 | 0.00 |
| Growth control: Growth management | -0.28 | -0.46 | 1.53 | 0.65 | -1.85 |
| Growth control: Trip reduction/transit requirements for new developments | 0.20 | -0.48 | 1.55 | -0.82 | 0.21 |
| Growth control: Auto-restricted zones | 0.72 | -0.85 | 0.86 | -0.13 | 0.30 |
| Growth control: Designing multiuse sites to minimize traffic | -0.65 | -0.62 | -0.38 | -0.47 | 0.65 |
| Growth control: Road/congestion pricing | -0.84 | 1.18 | 0.00 | -1.31 | 0.68 |
* significant at 0.01 level
** significant at 0.05 level
*** 1.00 < t < 2.00
d.f. = degrees of freedom
HOV = high-occupancy vechicle
NA = not applicable
SOV = single-occupancy vehicle
SRSD = studentized residual
TDM = travel demand management
TMA = transportation management association
TSM = transportation system management
U = data are unavailable
VHT = vehicle hours of travel
VMT = vehicle-miles traveled
* Significant at 95% confidence interval.
Updated: Saturday, May 20, 2017