Table 1-42. Average Length of Haul, Domestic Freight and Passenger Modes (Miles)
Table 1-42. Average Length of Haul, Domestic Freight and Passenger Modes (Miles)
1960 | 1965 | 1970 | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Freight | |||||||||||
Air carrier | 953 | 943 | 1,014 | 1,082 | 1,052 | 1,157 | 1,389 | R1,069 | R1,075 | 903 | 890 |
Trucka | 272 | 259 | 263 | 286 | 363 | 366 | 391 | 416 | R426 | 435 | 444 |
Class I rail | 461 | 503 | 515 | 541 | 616 | 665 | 726 | 843 | 842 | 851 | 835 |
Water | |||||||||||
Coastwise | 1,496 | 1,501 | 1,509 | 1,362 | 1,915 | 1,972 | 1,604 | 1,652 | 1,526 | 1,330 | 1,261 |
Lakewise | 522 | 494 | 506 | 530 | 536 | 524 | 553 | 514 | 508 | R507 | 505 |
Internal | 282 | 297 | 330 | 358 | 405 | 435 | R470 | 494 | 477 | R466 | 472 |
Intraport | U | U | U | 16 | 17 | 15 | 13 | 16 | 17 | 15 | 15 |
Oil pipeline | |||||||||||
Crude | 325 | 320 | 300 | 633 | 871 | 777 | 805 | R747 | R779 | 713 | 689 |
Petroleum products | 269 | 335 | 357 | 516 | 414 | 391 | 389 | R393 | R393 | 393 | 393 |
Passenger | |||||||||||
Air carrier, | 583 | 614 | 678 | 698 | 736 | 758 | 803 | 791 | 802 | R817 | 813 |
domestic, scheduled | |||||||||||
Bus, intercity | 79 | 94 | 106 | 113 | 125 | 121 | 141 | 140 | 143 | 144 | 144 |
Commuter rail | 21 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 22 | R24 | 24 | 23 | U |
Amtrakb | N | N | N | 236 | 216 | 231 | 273 | 268 | 257 | 256 | 252 |
a Total Class I and Class II motor carriers of freight (less-than-truckload, specialized carrier for truckload, and others).
b Amtrak began operations in 1971. Data are reported for fiscal years.
KEY: N = data do not exist; R = revised; U = data are not available.
NOTES: Average length of haul for freight is calculated by dividing ton-miles in the previous table by estimates of tonnage from the various data sources. The calculation of average length of haul for passenger trips varies by mode: for air carrier it is calculated by dividing revenue passenger-miles by revenue passenger enplanements; for commuter rail, intercity bus, and Amtrak it is calculated by dividing passenger-miles by number of passengers.
SOURCES:
Freight:
Air carrier, truck: Eno Transportation Foundation, Inc., Transportation In America, 1999 (Washington, DC: 1999), p. 71.
Class I rail: Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts (Washington, DC: 1999), p. 36.
Water: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterborne Commerce of the United States, Part 5 (New Orleans, LA: Annual issues), section 1, Table 1-4
Oil pipeline: 1960-70: Transportation Policy Associates, Washington, DC, personal communication. 1975-98: Eno Transportation Foundation, Inc., Transportation in America, 1999 (Washington, DC: 1999), p. 71.
Passenger:
Air carrier: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Office of Airline Information, Air Carrier Traffic
Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual issues).
Intercity bus and commuter rail: Eno Transportation Foundation, Inc., Transportation in America, 1999 (Washington, DC: 1999), p. 70.
Amtrak: 1970-85: Amtrak, corporate communication, Jan. 26, 1999. 1990-98: Amtrak, Amtrak Annual Report (Washington, DC: 1999), Statistical Appendix, p. III.