Table 4-6: Energy Consumption by Mode of Transportation (Trillion Btu)
Table 4-6: Energy Consumption by Mode of Transportation (Trillion Btu)
1960 | 1965 | 1970 | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Air | |||||||||||||
Certificated carriersa | |||||||||||||
Jet fuel | 264 | 525 | 1,061 | 1,020 | 1,150 | 1,366 | 1,678 | 1,730 | 1,780 | 1,844 | 1,873 | 1,944 | 2,004 |
General aviationb | |||||||||||||
Aviation gasoline | 29 | 35 | 66 | 50 | 63 | 51 | 42 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 37 | 42 | 40 |
Jet fuel | N | 8 | 28 | 61 | 103 | 93 | 90 | 76 | 82 | 87 | 110 | 131 | 135 |
Highway | |||||||||||||
Gasoline, diesel and other fuels | |||||||||||||
Passenger car and motorcycle | 5,146 | 6,215 | 8,485 | 9,282 | 8,773 | 8,963 | 8,720 | 8,534 | 8,677 | 8,762 | 8,988 | 9,187 | 9,141 |
Other 2-axle 4-tire vehicle | N | e | 1,539 | 2,385 | 2,975 | 3,420 | 4,451 | 5,701 | 5,919 | 6,173 | 6,308 | 6,607 | 6,604 |
Single-unit 2-axle 6-tire or more truck | N | 1,921 | 550 | 752 | 960 | 1,026 | 1,159 | 1,278 | 1,305 | 1,328 | 946 | 1,300 | 1,324 |
Combination truck | N | 923 | 1,019 | 1,273 | 1,808 | 1,942 | 2,238 | 2,743 | 2,801 | 2,816 | 3,489 | 3,403 | 3,557 |
Bus | 115 | 121 | 114 | 146 | 141 | 116 | 124 | 134 | 137 | 142 | 144 | 159 | 154 |
Transitc | |||||||||||||
Electricity | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 14 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | P19 |
Motor fuel | |||||||||||||
Diesel | 29 | 34 | 38 | 51 | 60 | 84 | 90 | 94 | 96 | 99 | 103 | 106 | P109 |
Gasoline and other nondiesel fuelsd | 24 | 16 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 6 | P6 |
Compressed natural gas | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 6 | P8 |
Rail, Class I (in freight service) | |||||||||||||
Distillate / diesel fuel | 480 | 498 | 492 | 507 | 541 | 431 | 432 | 483 | 496 | 496 | 497 | 515 | 513 |
Amtrak | |||||||||||||
Electricity | N | N | N | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Distillate / diesel fuel | N | N | N | 9 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 |
Water | |||||||||||||
Residual fuel oil | 592 | 463 | 565 | 608 | 1,340 | 687 | 947 | 881 | 853 | 750 | 841 | 874 | 960 |
Distillate / diesel fuel oil | 109 | 90 | 114 | 152 | 205 | 236 | 286 | 324 | 345 | 357 | 360 | 336 | 314 |
Gasoline | N | N | 75 | 91 | 132 | 132 | 163 | 133 | 124 | 123 | 120 | 137 | 141 |
Pipeline | |||||||||||||
Natural gas | 358 | 516 | 745 | 601 | 654 | 519 | 680 | 722 | 734 | 775 | 655 | 665 | 664 |
KEY: Btu = British thermal unit; E = estimate; kWh = kilowatt-hour; N = data do not exist; P = preliminary.
a Domestic operations only.
b Includes fuel used in air taxi operations, but not commuter operations.
c Prior to 1984, excludes commuter rail, automated guideway, ferryboat, demand responsive vehicles, and most rural and smaller systems.
d Gasoline and all other nondiesel fuels such as liquefied natural gas, methanol, and propane, except compressed natural gas.
e Included in other single-unit 2-axle 6-tire or more truck category.
NOTES
The following conversion rates were used:
Jet fuel = 135,000 Btu/gallon
Compressed natural gas = 138,700 Btu/gallon
Aviation gasoline = 120,200 Btu/gallon
Distillate fuel = 138,700 Btu/gallon
Automotive gasoline = 125,000 Btu/gallon
Residual fuel = 149,700 Btu/gallon
Diesel motor fuel = 138,700 Btu/gallon
Natural gas = 1,031 Btu/ft3
Electricity 1kWh = 3,412 Btu, negating electrical system losses. To include approximate electrical system losses, multiply this conversion factor by 3.
SOURCES
Air:
Certificated air carriers:
1960-2000: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Office of Airline Information Internet site http://www.bts.gov/oai/fuel/fuelyearly.html as of Aug. 1, 2002.
General aviation:
1960-80: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Aviation Policy, Plans, and Management Analysis, FAA Statistical Handbook of Aviation (Washington, DC: Annual issues).
1985-93: Ibid., General Aviation and Avionics Survey (Washington, DC: Annual issues), table 5.1 and similar tables in earlier editions.
1994: Ibid., FAA Aerospace Forecasts Fiscal Years 2000-2011 (Washington, DC: March 2000), table 29.
1995-2001: lbid., FAA Aerospace Forecasts Fiscal Years 2002-2013 (Washington, DC: March 2002), table 30.
Highway:
1960-94: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics, Summary to 1995, FHWA-PL-97-009 (Washington, DC: July 1997), table VM-201A (revised data obtained from internet site http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/ohimstat.htm as of Aug. 2, 2001).
1995-2000: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual issues), table VM-1.
Transit:
Electricity / motor fuel / compressed natural gas:
1960-2000: American Public Transit Association, Public Transportation Fact Book (Washington, DC: March 2002), tables 65, 66, 67, and similar tables in earlier editions.
Rail:
1960-2000: Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts (Washington, DC: October 2001), p. 40.
2001: Ibid., personal communication, Aug. 12, 2002.
Amtrak:
1975-2001: Amtrak, Energy Management Department, personal communication.
Water:
Residual and distillate / diesel fuel oil:
1960-80: American Petroleum Institute, Basic Petroleum Data Book (Washington, DC: Annual issues), tables 10, 10a, 12, and 12a.
1985-2000: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales (Washington, DC: Annual issues), tables 2, 4, and similar tables in earlier editions.
Gasoline:
1970-2000: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual issues), table MF-24 and similar tables in earlier editions.
Pipeline:
1960-98: U.S. Department of Energy, Natural Gas Annual 1999, DOE/EIA-0131(99) (Washington, DC: October 2000), table 94.
1999-2000: Ibid., Natural Gas Annual 2000, DOE/EIA-0131(00) (Washington DC: November 2001), table 95.