Table 4-6: Energy Consumption by Mode of Transportation
Table 4-6: Energy Consumption by Mode of Transportation
(Trillion Btu)
1960 | 1965 | 1970 | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Air | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Certificated carriersa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jet fuel | 264 | 525 | 1,061 | 1,020 | 1,150 | 1,366 | (R) 1,649 | (R) 1,534 | (R) 1,566 | (R) 1,615 | (R) 1,688 | (R) 1,730 | (R) 1,780 | (R) 1,844 | (R) 1,796 | (R) 1,956 | 2,007 | 1,872 | 1,744 | 1,766 | 1,902 | 1,887 | 1,849 | 1,847 | 1,710 |
General aviationb,f | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Aviation gasoline | 29 | 35 | 66 | 50 | 63 | 51 | 42 | 43 | 38 | 32 | (R) 32 | (R) 35 | (R) 35 | 35 | 37 | 42 | 40 | (R) 34 | (R) 33 | 33 | 33 | (R) 35 | (R) 34 | (R) 33 | 30 |
Jet fuel | U | 8 | 28 | 61 | 103 | 93 | 90 | 78 | 67 | 61 | (R) 63 | (R) 76 | 82 | 87 | 110 | 131 | 131 | (R) 124 | (R) 127 | 126 | 166 | (R) 206 | (R) 222 | (R) 201 | 230 |
Highway | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gasoline, diesel and other fuels | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Passenger car and motorcycle | 5,146 | 6,215 | 8,485 | 9,282 | 8,773 | 8,963 | 8,720 | 8,063 | 8,203 | 8,406 | 8,510 | 8,534 | 8,677 | 8,762 | 8,988 | 9,187 | 9,159 | 9,219 | 9,458 | 9,456 | 9,451 | 9,701 | (R) 9,404 | (R) 9,327 | 8,969 |
Other 2-axle 4-tire vehicle | U | U | 1,539 | 2,385 | 2,975 | 3,420 | 4,451 | 4,777 | 5,116 | 5,356 | 5,514 | 5,701 | 5,919 | 6,173 | 6,308 | 6,607 | 6,617 | 6,690 | 6,903 | 7,595 | 7,927 | 7,359 | 7,586 | (R) 7,730 | 7,650 |
Single-unit 2-axle 6-tire or more truckc | U | 1,921 | 550 | 752 | 960 | 1,026 | 1,159 | 1,133 | 1,142 | 1,177 | 1,253 | 1,278 | 1,305 | 1,328 | 946 | 1,300 | 1,326 | 1,341 | 1,290 | 1,110 | 1,120 | 1,188 | 1,232 | (R) 1,255 | 1,236 |
Combination truck | U | 923 | 1,019 | 1,273 | 1,808 | 1,942 | 2,238 | 2,331 | 2,388 | 2,462 | 2,587 | 2,743 | 2,801 | 2,816 | 3,489 | 3,403 | 3,560 | 3,538 | 3,673 | 3,303 | 3,355 | 3,840 | (R) 3,898 | (R) 3,959 | 3,719 |
Bus | 115 | 121 | 114 | 146 | 141 | 116 | 124 | 120 | 122 | 129 | 134 | 134 | 137 | 142 | 144 | 159 | 154 | 142 | 139 | 134 | 189 | 155 | (R) 159 | (R) 159 | 154 |
Transitd | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electricity | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 14 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 20 | (P) 22 | U |
Motor fuel | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Diesel | 29 | 34 | 38 | 51 | 60 | 84 | 90 | 92 | 95 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 96 | 99 | 103 | 106 | 109 | 103 | 100 | 99 | 101 | 101 | 102 | (P) 99 | U |
Gasoline and other nondiesel fuelse | 24 | 16 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 9 | (P) 18 | U |
Compressed natural gas | U | U | U | U | U | U | U | U | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 14 | 16 | 17 | 20 | (P) 19 | U |
Rail, Class I (in freight service) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distillate / diesel fuel | (R) 482 | (R) 519 | (R) 528 | (R) 518 | (R) 549 | (R) 436 | (R) 435 | 403 | 417 | 428 | 462 | (R) 486 | 496 | 496 | (R) 502 | (R) 520 | (R) 516 | (R) 517 | (R) 520 | (R) 534 | (R) 566 | 571 | 585 | 567 | 542 |
Amtrak | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electricity | U | U | U | (R) 1 | (R) 1 | (R) 1 | (R) 1 | (R) 1 | (R) 1 | (R) 1 | (R) 1 | (R) 1 | (R) 1 | (R) 1 | (R) 1 | (R) 2 | (R) 2 | (R) 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Distillate / diesel fuel | U | U | U | (R) 9 | (R) 9 | (R) 9 | (R) 11 | (R) 11 | (R) 11 | (R) 11 | (R) 10 | (R) 10 | (R) 10 | (R) 10 | (R) 11 | (R) 11 | (R) 13 | (R) 13 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
Water | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Residual fuel oil | 592 | 463 | 565 | 608 | 1,340 | 687 | 947 | 1,014 | 983 | 791 | 806 | 881 | 853 | 750 | 841 | 874 | 960 | 810 | 726 | 580 | 702 | 775 | 861 | 947 | 758 |
Distillate / diesel fuel oil | 109 | 90 | 114 | 152 | 205 | 236 | 286 | 284 | 308 | 299 | 304 | 324 | 345 | 357 | 360 | 336 | 314 | 284 | 288 | 307 | 297 | 278 | 264 | 267 | 165 |
Gasoline | U | U | 75 | 91 | 132 | 132 | 163 | 214 | 165 | 109 | 109 | 133 | 124 | 123 | 120 | 137 | 141 | 124 | 135 | 138 | (R) 129 | (R) 158 | 155 | 153 | 142 |
Pipeline | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Natural gas | 358 | 516 | 745 | 601 | 654 | 519 | 680 | 620 | 606 | 644 | 707 | 722 | 734 | 775 | 655 | 665 | 662 | 644 | 688 | 610 | 584 | 602 | 602 | (R) 641 | 668 |
KEY: Btu = British thermal unit, P = preliminary, R = revised, U = data are unavailable.
a Domestic operations only.
b Includes fuel used in air taxi operations, but not commuter operations.
c1965 data includes other 2-axle 4-tire vehicles.
d Prior to 1984, excludes commuter rail, automated guideway, ferryboat, demand responsive vehicles, and most rural and smaller systems.
eGasoline and all other nondiesel fuels such as liquefied natural gas, methanol, and propane, except compressed natural gas.
f The values for energy consumption by general aviation in 2008 are estimated values.
NOTES
The following conversion rates were used:
Jet fuel = 135,000 Btu/gallon.
Compressed natural gas = 138,700 Btu/gallon.
Aviation gasoline = 120,200 Btu/gallon.
Distillate fuel = 138,700 Btu/gallon.
Automotive gasoline = 125,000 Btu/gallon.
Residual fuel = 149,700 Btu/gallon.
Diesel motor fuel = 138,700 Btu/gallon.
Natural gas = 1,031 Btu/ft3.
Electricity 1kWh = 3,412 Btu, negating electrical system losses. To include approximate electrical system losses, multiply this conversion factor by 3.
SOURCES
Air:
Certificated air carriers:
U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Office of Airline Information, Fuel Cost and Consumption, available at http://www.bts.gov/programs/airline_information as of Jan. 6, 2010.
General aviation:
1960-70: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, FAA Statistical Handbook of Aviation - 1972 edition (Washington, DC: 1973), table 9.12.
1975-93: Ibid., General Aviation and Air Taxi Activity Survey (Washington, DC: Annual issues), table 5.1, and similar tables in earlier editions.
1994-2008: Ibid., FAA Aerospace Forecasts FY 2010-2030 (Washington, DC: March 2010), table 30 and similar tables in earlier editions, available at http://www.faa.gov/data_research/aviation/ as of Mar. 24, 2010.
Highway:
1960-94: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics, Summary to 1995, FHWA-PL-97-009 (Washington, DC: July 1997), table VM-201A, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohpi/hss/hsspubs.cfm as of Sep. 28, 2009.
1995-2008: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual issues), table VM-1, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohpi/hss/hsspubs.cfm as of Mar. 05, 2010.
Transit:
Electricity / motor fuel / compressed natural gas:
American Public Transportation Association, Public Transportation Fact Book, Appendix A: Historical Tables (Washington, DC: Annual issues), tables 29, 30, 31 and similar tables in earlier editions, available at http://apta.com/resources/statistics/Pages/transitstats.aspx as of Sep. 28, 2009.
Rail:
Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts (Washington, DC: Annual issues).
Amtrak:
1975-2008: Amtrak, Energy Management Department, personal communication.
Water:
Residual and distillate / diesel fuel oil:
1960-80: American Petroleum Institute, Basic Petroleum Data Book (Washington, DC: Annual issues), tables 10, 10a, 12, and 12a.
1985-2008: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales (Washington, DC: Annual issues), tables 1, 2, and similar tables in earlier editions, available at http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/fuel_oil_and_kerosene_sales/foks.html as of Jan. 7, 2010.
Gasoline:
1970-2008: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual issues), Table MF-24 and similar tables in earlier editions, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohpi/hss/hsspubs.cfm as of Feb. 17, 2010.
Pipeline:
U.S. Department of Energy, Natural Gas Annual, DOE/EIA-0131(04) (Washington, DC: Annual issues), Table 15 and similar tables in earlier editions, available at http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/ng/ng_pub_publist.asp as of Jan. 6, 2010.