Table 4-36: Federal Exhaust Emissions Certification Standards for Newly Manufactured Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light Heavy-Duty Trucks
Table 4-36: Federal Exhaust Emissions Certification Standards for Newly Manufactured Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light Heavy-Duty Trucks
(Grams per brake horsepower-hour)
Engine type and pollutant | 1970-73 | 1974-78 | 1979-83 | 1984 | 1985-86 | 1987 | 1988-89 | 1990 | 1991-93 | 1994-97 | 1998-2003 | 2004 | 2005-06 | 2007 | 2008+ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gasoline | |||||||||||||||
HC + NOx | j | 16 | 10 | 10 | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j |
NOx + NMHC | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | 1.0 | 1.0 | j |
NMHC | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | 0.14 |
HC | k | j | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | j | j | j |
NOx | j | j | j | j | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 6.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | j | j | 0.20 |
CO | k | 40 | 25 | 25 | 37.1 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 14.4 |
Particulates | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | 0.01 |
Diesel | |||||||||||||||
HC + NOx | j | 16 | 10 | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j |
HC | k | j | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | j | j | j | j |
NOx | j | j | j | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 6.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.0 | j | j | 0.20 | 0.20 |
NOx + NMHC | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | 2.4l | 2.4l | j | j |
NMHC | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | 0.14 | 0.14 |
CO | k | 40 | 25 | 15.5 | 15.5 | 15.5 | 15.5 | 15.5 | 15.5 | 15.5 | 15.5 | 15.5 | 15.5 | 15.5 | 15.5 |
Particulates | j | j | j | j | j | j | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.25 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
Smoke opacity (acceleration / lugging / peak)a | 40/20/j | 20/15/50 | 20/15/50 | 20/15/50 | 20/15/50 | 20/15/50 | 20/15/50 | 20/15/50 | 20/15/50 | 20/15/50 | 20/15/50 | 20/15/50 | 20/15/50 | 20/15/50 | 20/15/50 |
Weight criteria for light heavy-duty trucksb | GVWR over 6,000 lbs | GVWR over 6,000 lbs | GVWR over 8,500 lbs | GVWR over 8,500 lbs | GVWR over 8,500 lbs | GVWR 8,501 through 14,000 lbs | GVWR 8,501 through 14,000 lbs | GVWR 8,501 through 14,000 lbs | GVWR 8,501 through 14,000 lbs | GVWR 8,501 through 14,000 lbs | GVWR 8,501 through 14,000 lbs | GVWR 8,501 through 14,000 lbs | GVWR 8,501 through 14,000 lbs | GVWR 8,501 through 14,000 lbs | GVWR 8,501 through 14,000 lbs |
Test procedure, gasolinec | 9-mode steady-state | 9-mode steady-state | 9-mode steady-state | 9-mode steady-state | MVMA transient | MVMA transient | MVMA transient | MVMA transient | MVMA transient | MVMA transient | MVMA transient | MVMA transient | MVMA transient | MVMA transient | MVMA transient |
Test procedure, dieselc | 13-mode steady-state | 13-mode steady-state | 13-mode steady-state | EPA transient | EPA transient | EPA transient | EPA transient | EPA transient | EPA transient | EPA transient | EPA transient | EPA transient | EPA transient | EPA transient | EPA transient |
Useful life (gasoline)d | 5 years/50,000 miles | 5 years/50,000 miles | 5 years/50,000 miles | 5 years/50,000 miles | 8 years/110,000 miles | 8 years/110,000 miles | 8 years/110,000 miles | 8 years/110,000 miles | 8 years/110,000 miles | 8 years/110,000 miles | 8 years/110,000 miles | 10 years/110,000 miles | 10 years/110,000 miles | 10 years/110,000 miles | 10 years/110,000 miles |
Complete Vehicles - (Grams per mile)e,f
Weight range and pollutant | 2005-06 | 2007 | 2008+ |
---|---|---|---|
GVWR 8,500 through 10,000 lbs | |||
NMOGg | 0.28 | 0.28 | e |
NMHCh | e | e | 0.195 |
CO | 7.3 | 7.3 | 7.3 |
NOx | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.2 |
Particulates | e | e | 0.02 |
HCHO | e | e | 0.032 |
GVWR 10,001 lbs through 14,000 lbs | |||
NMOGi | 0.33 | 0.33 | e |
NMHCj | e | e | 0.230 |
CO | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.1 |
NOx | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.4 |
Particulates | e | e | 0.02 |
HCHO | e | e | 0.040 |
Test procedurei | EPA HD-UDDS | EPA HD-UDDS | EPA HD-UDDS |
KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; HC = hydrocarbon; NOx = nitrogen oxides; NMHC = nonmethane hydrocarbons; NMOG = nonmethane organic gas; HCHO = formaldeyhyde.
a Smoke opacity is expressed in percentage for acceleration, lugging, and peak modes (acceleration/lugging/peak). Lugging is when a vehicle is carrying a load.
b Gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) is the maximum design loaded weight.
c Several testing procedures have been used during the course of exhaust emissions control. A steady-state 9-mode test procedure (13-mode for diesel) was used for 1970-83 standards. For 1984, either the steady-state tests or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) transient test procedure could be used. For diesels, the EPA transient test was required from 1985 to the present. For gasoline-powered vehicles, either the EPA or the Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association (MVMA) transient test procedure could be used during 1985-86, and the MVMA procedure was required thereafter.
d Emissions standards apply to the useful life of the vehicle. Useful life was 5 years/50,000 miles through 1983 and became 8 years/110,000 miles beginning in model year 1985. 1984 was a transitional year in which vehicles could meet the older standard (and test procedure) or the newer one. Useful life requirement for gasoline-powered trucks meeting NOx standards for 1998 and after is 10 years/110,000 miles. Starting in 2004, the useful life will be 10 years/110,000 miles. The useful life requirements for heavy-duty diesel truck standards are more complex and vary by vehicle weight, pollutant, test procedure, and year. Consult the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations for further information.
e No standard set.
f Although emissions standards for HC and CO were in effect for these years, they were not measured in grams per brake horsepower-hour and are, therefore, incompatible with the engine certification section of this table.
g Vehicles can meet a NMHC + NOx standard of 2.5 g/bhp-h, given they meet a NMHC standard of no more than 0.5 g/bhp-h.
h Starting in 2005, complete gasoline heavy-duty vehicles of 14,000 lbs GVWR or below will have to be chassis certified.
i The manufacturer has the option of satisfying this standard by measurement of nonmethane hydrocarbons or total hydrocarbons.
j The manufacturer has the option of satisfying this standard by measurement of nonmethane organic gas or total hydrocarbons.
k This test procedure currently exists to test complete vehicles that have been optionally chassis certified. However, chassis certification is not required until 2005.
l Required for complete gasoline heavy-duty vehicles only.
NOTE
Tables 4-32a and 4-32b are identical for heavy-duty diesel engines.
SOURCES
40 CFR 86, Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, Internet site at http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/cfrhtml 00/Title 40/40cfr86 00.html as of Oct. 9, 2001.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, personal communication, October 2001.