TABLE 2-3-4 - Travel Time Index by Metro Area: 1982 to 2005
TABLE 2-3-4 - Travel Time Index by Metro Area: 1982 to 2005
The Travel Time Index (TTI) is the ratio of peak period travel time to free-flow travel time. It expresses the average amount of extra time it takes to travel in the peak period relative to free-flow travel. A value of 1.35, for example, indicates a 20-minute free-flow trip requires 27 minutes during the peak period.
| Urban areas | 1982 | 1995 | 2004 | 2005 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Very Large | ||||
| Atlanta, GA | 1.10 | 1.25 | 1.32 | 1.34 |
| Boston, MA-NH-RI | 1.08 | 1.20 | 1.27 | 1.27 |
| Chicago, IL-IN | 1.12 | 1.31 | 1.44 | 1.47 |
| Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX | 1.05 | 1.16 | 1.31 | 1.35 |
| Detroit, MI | 1.13 | 1.26 | 1.30 | 1.29 |
| Houston, TX | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.32 | 1.36 |
| Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA | 1.25 | 1.44 | 1.48 | 1.50 |
| Miami, FL | 1.11 | 1.26 | 1.37 | 1.38 |
| New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT | 1.10 | 1.24 | 1.36 | 1.39 |
| Philadelphia, PA-NJ-DE-MD | 1.12 | 1.18 | 1.27 | 1.28 |
| Phoenix, AZ | 1.15 | 1.17 | 1.27 | 1.31 |
| San Francisco-Oakland, CA | 1.15 | 1.35 | 1.38 | 1.41 |
| Washington, DC-VA-MD | 1.12 | 1.32 | 1.37 | 1.37 |
| Large | ||||
| Baltimore, MD | 1.07 | 1.20 | 1.29 | 1.30 |
| Buffalo, NY | 1.03 | 1.04 | 1.08 | 1.08 |
| Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN | 1.04 | 1.16 | 1.18 | 1.18 |
| Cleveland, OH | 1.03 | 1.11 | 1.10 | 1.09 |
| Columbus, OH | 1.03 | 1.15 | 1.20 | 1.19 |
| Denver-Aurora, CO | 1.09 | 1.22 | 1.30 | 1.33 |
| Indianapolis, IN | 1.08 | 1.24 | 1.23 | 1.22 |
| Kansas City, MO-KS | 1.02 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.08 |
| Las Vegas, NV | 1.06 | 1.25 | 1.31 | 1.30 |
| Milwaukee, WI | 1.05 | 1.13 | 1.13 | 1.13 |
| Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN | 1.04 | 1.18 | 1.24 | 1.26 |
| New Orleans, LA | 1.11 | 1.16 | 1.15 | 1.15 |
| Oklahoma City, OK | 1.02 | 1.07 | 1.09 | 1.09 |
| Orlando, FL | 1.10 | 1.27 | 1.30 | 1.30 |
| Pittsburgh, PA | 1.06 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.09 |
| Portland, OR-WA | 1.07 | 1.20 | 1.27 | 1.29 |
| Providence, RI-MA | 1.03 | 1.08 | 1.17 | 1.16 |
| Riverside-San Bernardino, CA | 1.03 | 1.19 | 1.35 | 1.35 |
| Sacramento, CA | 1.06 | 1.21 | 1.32 | 1.32 |
| San Antonio, TX | 1.04 | 1.10 | 1.23 | 1.23 |
| San Diego, CA | 1.07 | 1.22 | 1.41 | 1.40 |
| San Jose, CA | 1.13 | 1.25 | 1.32 | 1.34 |
| Seattle, WA | 1.07 | 1.30 | 1.28 | 1.30 |
| St. Louis, MO-IL | 1.07 | 1.18 | 1.16 | 1.16 |
| Tampa-St. Petersburg, FL | 1.20 | 1.30 | 1.29 | 1.28 |
| Virginia Beach, VA | 1.07 | 1.16 | 1.18 | 1.18 |
| Medium | ||||
| Akron, OH | 1.02 | 1.06 | 1.08 | 1.07 |
| Albany-Schenectady, NY | 1.02 | 1.04 | 1.08 | 1.08 |
| Albuquerque, NM | 1.05 | 1.16 | 1.16 | 1.17 |
| Allentown-Bethlehem, PA-NJ | 1.06 | 1.14 | 1.14 | 1.14 |
| Austin, TX | 1.07 | 1.18 | 1.29 | 1.31 |
| Birmingham, AL | 1.04 | 1.09 | 1.15 | 1.15 |
| Bridgeport-Stamford, CT-NY | 1.06 | 1.16 | 1.21 | 1.22 |
| Charlotte, NC-SC | 1.07 | 1.13 | 1.25 | 1.23 |
| Dayton, OH | 1.07 | 1.12 | 1.11 | 1.10 |
| El Paso, TX-NM | 1.02 | 1.07 | 1.16 | 1.17 |
| Fresno, CA | 1.05 | 1.11 | 1.12 | 1.12 |
| Grand Rapids, MI | 1.03 | 1.09 | 1.11 | 1.10 |
| Hartford, CT | 1.03 | 1.08 | 1.11 | 1.11 |
| Honolulu, HI | 1.11 | 1.21 | 1.20 | 1.22 |
| Jacksonville, FL | 1.07 | 1.20 | 1.22 | 1.21 |
| Louisville, KY-IN | 1.11 | 1.17 | 1.23 | 1.23 |
| Memphis, TN-MS-AR | 1.04 | 1.11 | 1.14 | 1.13 |
| Nashville-Davidson, TN | 1.09 | 1.13 | 1.17 | 1.17 |
| New Haven, CT | 1.03 | 1.08 | 1.10 | 1.11 |
| Omaha, NE-IA | 1.04 | 1.11 | 1.16 | 1.16 |
| Oxnard-Ventura, CA | 1.03 | 1.12 | 1.22 | 1.24 |
| Raleigh-Durham, NC | 1.04 | 1.11 | 1.17 | 1.18 |
| Richmond, VA | 1.04 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 1.09 |
| Rochester, NY | 1.02 | 1.05 | 1.07 | 1.07 |
| Salt Lake City, UT | 1.05 | 1.19 | 1.21 | 1.19 |
| Sarasota-Bradenton, FL | 1.10 | 1.15 | 1.19 | 1.19 |
| Springfield, MA-CT | 1.04 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.06 |
| Toledo, OH-MI | 1.02 | 1.07 | 1.10 | 1.09 |
| Tucson, AZ | 1.10 | 1.13 | 1.22 | 1.23 |
| Tulsa, OK | 1.03 | 1.07 | 1.09 | 1.09 |
| Small | ||||
| Anchorage, AK | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.07 |
| Bakersfield, CA | 1.01 | 1.04 | 1.08 | 1.09 |
| Beaumont, TX | 1.02 | 1.03 | 1.05 | 1.05 |
| Boulder, CO | 1.04 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 1.10 |
| Brownsville, TX | 1.02 | 1.04 | 1.07 | 1.06 |
| Cape Coral, FL | 1.07 | 1.15 | 1.12 | 1.12 |
| Charleston-North Charleston, SC | 1.08 | 1.14 | 1.18 | 1.17 |
| Colorado Springs, CO | 1.02 | 1.07 | 1.12 | 1.14 |
| Columbia, SC | 1.02 | 1.04 | 1.07 | 1.07 |
| Corpus Christi, TX | 1.03 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.06 |
| Eugene, OR | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.08 | 1.10 |
| Laredo, TX | 1.02 | 1.06 | 1.09 | 1.09 |
| Little Rock, AK | 1.02 | 1.04 | 1.07 | 1.07 |
| Pensacola, FL-AL | 1.03 | 1.08 | 1.11 | 1.11 |
| Salem, OR | 1.02 | 1.07 | 1.09 | 1.09 |
| Spokane, WA | 1.02 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.04 |
| 85-Area Average | 1.11 | 1.22 | 1.29 | 1.30 |
| Very Large Area Average | 1.14 | 1.29 | 1.36 | 1.38 |
| Large Area Average | 1.07 | 1.18 | 1.24 | 1.24 |
| Medium Area Average | 1.05 | 1.12 | 1.16 | 1.16 |
| Small Area Average | 1.03 | 1.07 | 1.09 | 1.09 |
NOTES: Travel Time Index - The ratio of travel time in the peak period to the travel time at free-flow conditions. A value of 1.35 indicates a 20 minute free-flow trip takes 27 minutes in the peak. Free-flow speeds (60 mph on freeways and 35 mph on principal arterials) are used as comparison threshold.
Very Large Urban Areas - over 3 million population. Large Urban Areas - over 1 million and less than 3 million population. Medium Urban Areas - over 500,000 and less than 1 million population. Small Urban Areas - less than 500,000 population.
SOURCE: Texas A&M University, Texas Transportation Institute, 2007 Urban Mobility Report (College Station, TX: 2005), available at http://tti.tamu.edu/ as of September 2007 as cited in U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, National Transportation Statistics, table 1-64, available at http://www.bts.gov/publications/national_transportation_statistics/ as of October 2008.