Table 4-39: Estimated National Average Vehicle Emissions Rates by Vehicle Type Using Reformulated Gasoline
Table 4-39: Estimated National Average Vehicle Emissions Rates by Vehicle Type Using Reformulated Gasoline
(Grams per mile)
1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | E2001 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Light-duty vehicles | |||||||
Exhaust HC | 1.43 | 1.38 | 1.34 | 1.30 | 1.28 | 1.16 | 1.15 |
Nonexhaust HC | 0.69 | 0.68 | 0.66 | 0.64 | 0.60 | 0.37 | 0.33 |
Total HC | 2.12 | 2.06 | 2.00 | 1.94 | 1.88 | 1.53 | 1.48 |
Exhaust CO | 16.46 | 16.14 | 15.90 | 15.62 | 15.48 | 15.41 | 15.36 |
Exhaust NOx | 1.59 | 1.54 | 1.49 | 1.43 | 1.39 | 1.29 | 1.26 |
Light-duty trucks | |||||||
Exhaust HC | 2.11 | 2.02 | 1.93 | 1.84 | 1.78 | 1.63 | 1.60 |
Nonexhaust HC | 0.85 | 0.80 | 0.78 | 0.75 | 0.73 | 0.47 | 0.44 |
Total HC | 2.96 | 2.82 | 2.71 | 2.59 | 2.51 | 2.10 | 2.04 |
Exhaust CO | 22.15 | 21.62 | 21.20 | 20.59 | 20.22 | 19.95 | 19.77 |
Exhaust NOx | 1.96 | 1.93 | 1.91 | 1.85 | 1.82 | 1.71 | 1.67 |
Heavy-duty vehicles | |||||||
Exhaust HC | 4.40 | 4.02 | 3.62 | 3.22 | 2.96 | 2.65 | 2.46 |
Nonexhaust HC | 2.53 | 2.38 | 2.24 | 2.10 | 1.99 | 1.30 | 1.22 |
Total HC | 6.93 | 6.40 | 5.86 | 5.32 | 4.95 | 3.95 | 3.68 |
Exhaust CO | 72.26 | 65.30 | 58.59 | 51.68 | 46.18 | 41.04 | 36.72 |
Exhaust NOx | 5.47 | 5.35 | 5.24 | 5.04 | 4.88 | 4.67 | 4.51 |
Motorcycles | |||||||
Exhaust HC | 1.92 | 1.89 | 1.88 | 1.86 | 1.86 | 1.82 | 1.82 |
Nonexhaust HC | 1.91 | 1.91 | 1.91 | 1.91 | 1.90 | 1.43 | 1.43 |
Total HC | 3.83 | 3.80 | 3.79 | 3.77 | 3.76 | 3.25 | 3.25 |
Exhaust CO | 17.46 | 17.46 | 17.46 | 17.36 | 17.36 | 17.36 | 17.36 |
Exhaust NOx | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.83 |
Average of all RFG and diesel vehicles | |||||||
Exhaust HC | 1.77 | 1.70 | 1.64 | 1.58 | 1.54 | 1.41 | 1.39 |
Nonexhaust HC | 0.75 | 0.73 | 0.71 | 0.68 | 0.64 | 0.41 | 0.38 |
Total HC | 2.52 | 2.43 | 2.35 | 2.25 | 2.18 | 1.82 | 1.77 |
Exhaust CO | 19.38 | 18.83 | 18.37 | 17.81 | 17.45 | 17.17 | 16.96 |
Exhaust NOx | 2.61 | 2.54 | 2.48 | 2.39 | 2.32 | 2.19 | 2.13 |
KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; E = estimate; HC = hydrocarbon; NOx = nitrogen oxide; R = revised; RFG = reformulated gasoline.
NOTES: As of July 1 of each year. Vehicle types are defined as follows: light-duty vehicles (passenger cars up to 6,000 lb gross vehicle weight rating GVWR) ; light-duty trucks (pickups and minivans up to 8,500 lb GVWR); heavy-duty vehicles (8,501 lb or more GVWR); motorcycle (on-highway only). The data in this table are based on MOBILE5b, and reflect the introduction of RFG starting in 1995. MOBILE5b is undergoing a major revision and is expected to be replaced by MOBILE6 in early 2002. Emissions factors are national averages based on the following assumptions: ambient temperature 75 F, daily temperature range 60 -84 F, average traffic speed 19.6 mph (representative of overall traffic in urban areas), standard operating mode (cold-start, hot-start, stabilized), vehicle-miles traveled fractions, no inspection/maintenance or antitampering programs, and gasoline volatility 9.0 per square inch RVP (Reid vapor pressure).
Emissions estimates in this table assume 100% RFG.
SOURCE: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory, personal communication, Sept. 7, 2001.