Table 4-6M: Energy Consumption by Mode of Transportation
Table 4-6M: Energy Consumption by Mode of Transportation
(Petajoules)
1960 | 1965 | 1970 | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Air | |||||||||||||||||||||
Certificated carriersa | |||||||||||||||||||||
Jet fuel | 278 | 554 | 1,119 | 1,077 | 1,213 | 1,441 | 1,755 | 1,639 | 1,675 | 1,703 | 1,764 | 1,805 | 1,883 | 1,932 | 1,899 | 2,051 | 2,114 | 1,997 | 1,830 | 1,846 | 1,940 |
General aviationb | |||||||||||||||||||||
Aviation gasoline | 31 | 37 | 70 | 52 | 66 | 53 | 45 | 45 | 40 | 34 | 34 | 36 | 37 | 37 | 39 | 44 | 42 | 35 | 35 | (P) 34 | (P) 35 |
Jet fuel | N | 8 | 30 | 65 | 109 | 98 | 94 | 82 | 70 | 65 | 66 | 80 | 87 | 91 | 116 | 138 | 138 | 136 | 140 | (P) 139 | 145 |
Highway | |||||||||||||||||||||
Gasoline, diesel and other fuels | |||||||||||||||||||||
Passenger car and motorcycle | 5,430 | 6,558 | 8,952 | 9,793 | 9,256 | 9,456 | 9,200 | 8,507 | 8,655 | 8,869 | 8,978 | 9,003 | 9,155 | 9,244 | 9,482 | 9,693 | 9,664 | 9,727 | 9,978 | (R) 9,976 | 10,050 |
Other 2-axle 4-tire vehicle | N | e | 1,624 | 2,516 | 3,138 | 3,609 | 4,696 | 5,040 | 5,398 | 5,651 | 5,818 | 6,014 | 6,245 | 6,513 | 6,655 | 6,971 | 6,982 | 7,059 | 7,283 | (R) 8,013 | 8,259 |
Single-unit 2-axle 6-tire or more truck | N | 2,026 | 581 | 793 | 1,013 | 1,083 | 1,223 | 1,196 | 1,205 | 1,242 | 1,322 | 1,349 | 1,377 | 1,401 | 998 | 1,371 | 1,399 | 1,415 | 1,361 | (R) 1,171 | 1,222 |
Combination truck | N | 974 | 1,075 | 1,343 | 1,908 | 2,049 | 2,361 | 2,460 | 2,519 | 2,597 | 2,730 | 2,894 | 2,955 | 2,971 | 3,682 | 3,591 | 3,756 | 3,733 | 3,875 | (R) 3,485 | 3,615 |
Bus | 121 | 128 | 120 | 154 | 149 | 122 | 131 | 126 | 128 | 136 | 141 | 142 | 145 | 150 | 152 | 168 | 163 | 150 | 146 | (R) 142 | 139 |
Transitc | |||||||||||||||||||||
Electricity | 10 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 15 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | (P) 21 |
Motor fuel | |||||||||||||||||||||
Diesel | 30 | 36 | 40 | 53 | 63 | 89 | 95 | 97 | 100 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 101 | 105 | 108 | 112 | 115 | 109 | 106 | 104 | (P) 107 |
Gasoline and other nondiesel fuelsd | 25 | 16 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 6 | (P) 7 |
Compressed natural gas | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | <1 | <1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 15 | (P) 16 |
Rail, Class I (in freight service) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Distillate / diesel fuel | 507 | 526 | 519 | 535 | 571 | 455 | 456 | 425 | 440 | 452 | 488 | 509 | 524 | 523 | 524 | 544 | 541 | 543 | 546 | 560 | 594 |
Amtrak | |||||||||||||||||||||
Electricity | N | N | N | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | U | U | U |
Distillate / diesel fuel | N | N | N | 9 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | U | U | U |
Water | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residual fuel oil | 624 | 489 | 596 | 641 | 1,414 | 725 | 999 | 1,070 | 1,037 | 834 | 851 | 930 | 900 | 791 | 888 | 922 | 1,012 | 854 | 766 | 612 | 741 |
Distillate / diesel fuel oil | 115 | 95 | 120 | 161 | 216 | 249 | 302 | 299 | 325 | 315 | 320 | 342 | 364 | 377 | 380 | 354 | 331 | 299 | 304 | 324 | 313 |
Gasoline | N | N | 79 | 96 | 139 | 139 | 171 | 226 | 174 | 115 | 115 | 140 | 131 | 130 | 126 | 145 | 148 | 131 | 143 | 146 | 133 |
Pipeline | |||||||||||||||||||||
Natural gas | 378 | 544 | 786 | 634 | 690 | 548 | 718 | 654 | 639 | 679 | 746 | 762 | 774 | 817 | 691 | 702 | 699 | 680 | 725 | (R) 643 | 622 |
KEY: N = data do not exist; P = preliminary; R = revised; U = data are unavailable.
a Domestic operations only.
b Includes fuel used in air taxi operations, but not commuter operations.
c Prior to 1984, excludes commuter rail, automated guideway, ferryboat, demand responsive vehicles, and most rural and smaller systems.
d Gasoline and all other nondiesel fuels such as liquefied natural gas, methanol, and propane, except compressed natural gas.
e Included in other single-unit 2-axle 6-tire or more truck category.
NOTES
The following conversion rates were used:
Jet fuel = 37,626,700 joules/liter
Compressed natural gas = 38,657,950 joules/liter
Aviation gasoline = 33,501,698 joules/liter
Distillate fuel = 38,655,829 joules/liter
Automotive gasoline = 34,839,537 joules/liter
Residual fuel = 41,723,829 joules/liter
Diesel motor fuel = 38,657,950 joules/liter
Natural gas = 38,413,974 joules/m3
Electricity 1kWh = 3,600,000 joules/kWh, negating electrical system losses. To include approximate electrical system losses, multiply this conversion factor by 3.
1.055056 petajoules = 1 trillion British thermal unit (Btu).
SOURCES
Air:
Certificated air carriers:
1960-2004: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Office of Airline Information, Internet site http://www.bts.gov/programs/airline_information as of June 1, 2006.
General aviation:
1960-70: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, FAA Statistical Handbook of Aviation - 1972 edition (Washington, DC: 1973), table 9.12.
1975-93: Ibid., General Aviation and Air Taxi Activity Survey (Washington, DC: Annual issues), table 5.1, and similar tables in earlier editions.
1994-2004: Ibid., FAA Aerospace Forecasts Fiscal Years 2005-2016 (Washington, DC: Dec. 2005), table 34 and similar tables in earlier editions.
Highway:
1960-94: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics, Summary to 1995, FHWA-PL-97-009 (Washington, DC: July 1997), table VM-201A. (Revised data obtained from Internet site http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/ohimstat.htm as of August 2001).
1995-2004: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual issues), table VM-1.
Transit:
Electricity / motor fuel / compressed natural gas:
1960-2004: American Public Transportation Association, 2006 Public Transportation Fact Book (Washington, DC: April 2006), tables 26, 27, 28 and similar tables in earlier editions.
Rail:
1960-2004: Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts (Washington, DC: 2005), p. 40.
Amtrak:
1975-2001: Amtrak, Energy Management Department, personal communication.
Water:
Residual and distillate / diesel fuel oil:
1960-80: American Petroleum Institute, Basic Petroleum Data Book (Washington, DC: Annual issues), tables 10, 10a, 12, and 12a.
1985-2004: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales (Washington, DC: Annual issues), tables 2, 4, and similar tables in earlier editions.
Gasoline:
1970-2004: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual issues), table MF-24 and similar tables in earlier editions.
Pipeline:
1960-2004: U.S. Department of Energy, Natural Gas Annual 2004, DOE/EIA-0131(04) (Washington, DC: Dec. 2005), table 15 and similar tables in earlier editions.