Table 4-20M: Energy Intensity of Passenger Modes
Table 4-20M: Energy Intensity of Passenger Modes
(Kilojoule per passenger-kilometer)
1960 | 1965 | 1970 | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Air, certificated carrier | |||||||||||||||||||||
Domestic operations | 5,659 | 6,633 | 6,677 | 5,078 | 3,764 | 3,308 | 3,233 | 3,062 | 2,992 | 2,988 | 2,913 | 2,873 | 2,742 | 2,731 | 2,703 | 2,655 | 2,546 | 2,550 | 2,358 | (R) 2,270 | 2,161 |
International operations | 6,031 | 6,748 | 7,202 | 5,550 | 2,845 | 3,345 | 2,980 | 3,022 | 2,792 | 2,687 | 2,718 | 2,736 | 2,693 | 2,733 | 2,804 | 2,703 | 2,513 | 2,599 | 2,570 | (R) 2,539 | 2,247 |
Highwaya | |||||||||||||||||||||
Passenger car | 2,947 | 2,921 | 3,174 | 3,109 | 2,850 | 2,799 | 2,498 | 2,395 | 2,428 | 2,481 | 2,472 | 2,439 | 2,418 | 2,397 | 2,384 | 2,407 | 2,353 | 2,358 | 2,360 | (R) 2,341 | 2,312 |
Other 2-axle 4-tire vehicle | N | N | 4,465 | 4,308 | 3,743 | 3,259 | 2,976 | 2,804 | 2,790 | 2,803 | 2,849 | 2,975 | 2,977 | 2,992 | 2,995 | 3,024 | 2,956 | 2,612 | 2,702 | (R) 2,918 | 2,918 |
Motorcycle | b | b | 1,639 | 1,543 | 1,393 | 1,243 | 1,460 | 1,257 | 1,305 | 1,352 | 1,400 | 1,491 | 1,489 | 1,490 | 1,490 | 1,490 | 1,490 | 1,343 | 1,291 | 1,291 | 1,290 |
Transit motor bus | N | N | N | N | 1,798 | 2,222 | 2,441 | 2,470 | 2,647 | 2,586 | 2,728 | 2,724 | 2,751 | 2,772 | 2,709 | 2,651 | 2,719 | (R) 2,424 | (R) 2,327 | (P) 2,292 | U |
Amtrak | N | N | N | 1,562 | 1,408 | 1,370 | 1,354 | 1,297 | 1,334 | 1,326 | 1,269 | 1,205 | 1,411 | 1,442 | 1,402 | 1,381 | 1,399 | U | U | U | U |
KEY: N = data do not exist; P = preliminary; R = revised; U = data are not available.
a For 1995 and subsequent years, highway passenger-miles were taken directly from Highway Statistics rather than derived from vehicle-miles and average occupancy, as is the case for 1960-1994. Passenger-miles were then converted to passenger-kilometers.
b Included in passenger car.
NOTES
To calculate total joules, multiply fuel consumed (see tables 4-21, 4-22, 4-24, 4-25) by 37,626,700 joules/liter for air carrier, 34,839,537 joules/liter for passenger car, other 2-axle 4-tire vehicle, and motorcycle, and 38,657,950 joules/liter for transit motor bus and Amtrak.
1.609344 kilometers = 1 mile.
SOURCES
Air:
Certificated air carriers:
Passenger-kilometers:
1960-80: Air Transport Association, Internet site http://www.airlines.org as of Aug. 30, 2004.
1985-2004: U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Office of Airline Information, Air Carrier Traffic Statistics (Washington DC: Annual December issues).
Fuel consumed:
U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Office of Airline Information, Internet site http://www.bts.gov/oai/fuel/fuelyearly.html as of Dec. 28, 2005.
Highway:
Passenger car:
1960-94: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, FHWA-PL-97-009 (Washington, DC: July 1997), table VM-201A.
1990-2004: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual issues), table VM-1.
Other 2-axle 4-tire vehicle:
1970-94: Ibid., Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, FHWA-PL-97-009 (Washington, DC: July 1997), table VM-201A.
1990-2004: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual issues), table VM-1.
Motorcycle:
1970-85: Ibid., Highway Statistics Summary to 1985, FHWA-PL-97-009 (Washington, DC: July 1997), table VM-201A.
1990-2004: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual issues), table VM-1.
Transit motor bus:
American Public Transportation Association, 2005 Public Transportation Fact Book (Washington, DC: Annual issues), tables 11 and 35, and similar tables in earlier editions.
Amtrak:
Amtrak, State and Local Affairs Department, personal communication.