Table 4-6: Energy Consumption by Mode of Transportation

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(Trillion Btu)

	1960	1965	1970	1975	1980	1985	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Air
Certificated carriersa
Jet fuel	264	525	1,061	1,020	1,150	1,366	1,649	1,534	1,566	1,615	1,688	1,730	1,780	1,844	1,796	1,956	1,877	1,770	1,659	1,676	1,806	1,793	1,758	1,755	1,683	1,505
General aviationb,c
Aviation gasoline	29	35	66	50	63	51	42	43	38	32	32	(R) 34	35	35	37	42	40	34	33	33	33	35	34	33	30	27
Jet fuel	U	8	28	61	103	93	90	78	67	61	63	76	82	87	110	131	131	124	127	126	166	206	222	201	230	195
Highway
Gasoline, diesel and other fuels
Light duty vehicle, short wheel base and motorcycled	5,146	6,215	8,485	9,282	8,773	8,963	8,720	8,063	8,203	8,406	8,510	8,534	8,677	8,762	8,988	9,187	9,159	9,219	9,458	9,456	9,425	9,701	9,404	11,256	10,760	10,754
Light duty vehicle, long wheel based	U	U	1,539	2,385	2,975	3,420	4,451	4,777	5,116	5,356	5,514	5,701	5,919	6,173	6,308	6,607	6,617	6,690	6,903	7,595	7,927	7,359	7,586	4,614	4,366	4,470
Single-unit 2-axle 6-tire or more trucke	U	1,921	550	752	960	1,026	1,159	1,133	1,142	1,177	1,253	1,278	1,305	1,328	946	1,300	1,195	1,208	1,290	1,110	1,120	1,188	1,232	2,039	2,143	2,043
Combination truck	U	923	1,019	1,273	1,808	1,942	2,238	2,331	2,388	2,462	2,587	2,743	2,801	2,816	3,489	3,403	3,208	3,189	3,310	2,977	3,024	3,461	3,513	3,863	3,820	3,516
Bus	115	121	114	146	141	116	124	120	122	129	134	134	137	142	144	159	139	128	125	121	170	140	144	253	257	234
Transitf
Electricity	10	9	9	9	8	14	17	17	16	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	18	19	19	19	19	20	20	21	22	16
Motor fuel
Dieselg	29	34	38	51	60	84	90	92	95	94	94	94	74	75	78	80	82	83	93	77	76	74	76	74	74	91
Gasoline and other nondiesel fuelsh	24	16	9	1	1	6	4	4	5	6	8	8	3	3	3	3	3	3	4	3	4	4	4	4	4	12
Compressed natural gas	U	U	U	U	U	U	U	U	0	0	1	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	9	11	12	13	15	15	16	20
Rail, Class I (in freight service)
Distillate / diesel fuel	(R) 480	(R) 498	(R) 492	(R) 507	(R) 541	(R) 431	(R) 432	403	417	428	462	(R) 483	496	496	(R) 497	(R) 515	513	515	517	531	563	568	581	563	539	443
Amtrak
Electricity	U	U	U	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Distillate / diesel fuel	U	U	U	9	9	9	11	11	11	11	10	10	10	10	11	11	13	13	12	10	10	9	9	9	9	9
Water
Residual fuel oil	592	463	565	608	1,340	687	947	1,014	983	791	806	881	853	750	841	874	960	810	726	580	702	775	861	947	758	680
Distillate / diesel fuel oil	109	90	114	152	205	236	286	284	308	299	304	324	345	357	360	336	314	284	288	307	297	278	264	267	165	176
Gasoline	U	U	75	91	132	132	163	214	165	109	109	133	124	123	120	137	141	124	135	138	126	158	155	153	142	141
Pipeline
Natural gas	358	516	745	601	654	519	680	620	606	644	707	722	734	775	655	665	662	644	688	610	584	602	602	641	668	617

KEY: Btu = British thermal unit; P = preliminary; R = revised; U = data are unavailable.

^a Domestic operations only.

^b Includes fuel used in air taxi operations, but not commuter operations.

^c The values for energy consumption by general aviation in 2009 are estimated values.

^d Data for 2007-09 were calculated using a new methodology developed by FHWA. Data for these years are based on new categories and are not comparable to previous years. The new category Light duty vehicle, short wheel base includes passenger cars, light trucks, vans and sport utility vehicles with a wheelbase (WB) equal to or less than 121 inches. The new category Light duty vehicle, long wheel base includes large passenger cars, vans, pickup trucks, and sport/utility vehicles with wheelbases (WB) larger than 121 inches. In addition, this edition of table 4-06 is not comparable to previous editions.

^e 1965 data includes other 2-axle 4-tire vehicles.

^f Prior to 1984, excludes commuter rail, automated guideway, ferryboat, demand responsive vehicles, and most rural and smaller systems.

^g Diesel includes Diesel and Bio-Diesel.

^h Gasoline and all other nondiesel fuels include Gasoline, Liquified Petroleum Gas, Liquified Natural Gas, Methane, Ethanol, Bunker Fuel, Kerosene, Grain Additive, and Other Fuel.

NOTES

The following conversion rates were used:

Jet fuel = 135,000 Btu/gallon.

Aviation gasoline = 120,200 Btu/gallon.

Automotive gasoline = 125,000 Btu/gallon.

Diesel motor fuel = 138,700 Btu/gallon.

Compressed natural gas = 138,700 Btu/gallon.

Distillate fuel = 138,700 Btu/gallon.

Residual fuel = 149,700 Btu/gallon.

Natural gas = 1,031 Btu/ft³.

Electricity 1kWh = 3,412 Btu, negating electrical system losses. To include approximate electrical system losses, multiply this conversion factor by 3.

SOURCES

Air:

Certificated air carriers:

U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Office of Airline Information, Fuel Cost and Consumption, available at http://www.bts.gov/programs/airline_information as of Apr. 21, 2011.

General aviation:

1960-70: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, FAA Statistical Handbook of Aviation - 1972 edition (Washington, DC: 1973), table 9.12.

1975-93: Ibid., General Aviation and Air Taxi Activity Survey (Washington, DC: Annual issues), table 5.1, and similar tables in earlier editions.

1994-2009: Ibid., FAA Aerospace Forecasts Fiscal Years 2011-2031 (Washington, DC: February 2011), tables 22 and 30, and similar tables in earlier editions, available at http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/apl/aviation_forecasts/ as of Apr 26, 2011.

Highway:

1960-94: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics, Summary to 1995, FHWA-PL-97-009 (Washington, DC: July 1997), table VM-201A, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohpi/hss/hsspubs.cfm as of Sep. 28, 2009.

1995-2009: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table VM-1, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm as of Oct. 6, 2011.

Transit:

Electricity / motor fuel / compressed natural gas:

American Public Transportation Association, Public Transportation Fact Book, Appendix A: Historical Tables (Washington, DC: Annual issues), tables 29, 30, 31 and similar tables in earlier editions, available at http://apta.com/resources/statistics/Pages/transitstats.aspx as of Apr. 26, 2011.

Rail:

Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts (Washington, DC: Annual issues).

Amtrak:

1975-2009: Amtrak, Energy Management Department, personal communication.

Water:

Residual and distillate / diesel fuel oil:

1960-80: American Petroleum Institute, Basic Petroleum Data Book (Washington, DC: Annual issues), tables 10, 10a, 12, and 12a.

1985-2009 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales (Washington, DC: Annual issues), tables 1, 2, and similar tables in earlier editions, available at http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/fuel_oil_and_kerosene_sales/foks.html as of Apr. 25, 2011.

Gasoline:

1970-2009: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual issues), Table MF-24 and similar tables in earlier editions, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohpi/hss/hsspubs.cfm as of Apr. 26, 2011.

Pipeline:

U.S. Department of Energy, Natural Gas Annual, DOE/EIA-0131(04) (Washington, DC: Annual issues), Table 15 and similar tables in earlier editions, available at http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/ng/ng_pub_publist.asp as of Apr. 26, 2011.