Table 4-6M: Energy Consumption by Mode of Transportation
Table 4-6M: Energy Consumption by Mode of Transportation
(Petajoules)
1960 | 1965 | 1970 | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Air | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Certificated carriersa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jet fuel | 278 | 554 | 1,119 | 1,077 | 1,213 | 1,441 | (R) 1,739 | (R) 1,618 | (R) 1,652 | (R) 1,703 | (R) 1,780 | (R) 1,825 | (R) 1,878 | (R) 1,945 | (R) 1,895 | (R) 2,064 | 1,980 | 1,868 | 1,750 | 1,769 | 1,906 | 1,892 | 1,854 | 1,851 | 1,776 | 1,588 |
General aviationb,c | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Aviation gasoline | 31 | 37 | 70 | 52 | 66 | 53 | 45 | 45 | 40 | 34 | 34 | (R) 36 | 37 | 37 | 39 | 44 | 42 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 37 | 36 | 35 | 31 | 29 |
Jet fuel | U | 8 | 30 | 65 | 109 | 98 | 94 | 82 | 70 | 65 | 66 | 80 | 87 | 91 | 116 | 138 | 138 | 131 | 134 | 133 | 175 | 217 | 234 | 212 | 243 | 206 |
Highway | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gasoline, diesel and other fuels | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Light duty vehicle, short wheel base and motorcycled | 5,430 | 6,558 | 8,952 | 9,793 | 9,256 | 9,456 | 9,200 | 8,507 | 8,655 | 8,869 | 8,978 | 9,003 | 9,155 | 9,244 | 9,482 | 9,693 | 9,664 | 9,727 | 9,978 | 9,976 | 9,944 | 10,235 | 9,921 | 11,876 | 11,352 | 11,346 |
Light duty vehicle, long wheel based | U | U | 1,624 | 2,516 | 3,138 | 3,609 | 4,696 | 5,040 | 5,398 | 5,651 | 5,818 | 6,014 | 6,245 | 6,513 | 6,655 | 6,971 | 6,982 | 7,059 | 7,283 | 8,013 | 8,364 | 7,764 | 8,003 | 4,868 | 4,606 | 4,717 |
Single-unit 2-axle 6-tire or more trucke | U | 2,026 | 581 | 793 | 1,013 | 1,083 | 1,223 | 1,196 | 1,205 | 1,242 | 1,322 | 1,349 | 1,377 | 1,401 | 998 | 1,371 | 1,261 | 1,275 | 1,361 | 1,171 | 1,181 | 1,253 | 1,299 | 2,152 | 2,261 | 2,155 |
Combination truck | U | 974 | 1,075 | 1,343 | 1,908 | 2,049 | 2,361 | 2,460 | 2,519 | 2,597 | 2,730 | 2,894 | 2,955 | 2,971 | 3,682 | 3,591 | 3,385 | 3,365 | 3,492 | 3,141 | 3,190 | 3,652 | 3,707 | 4,076 | 4,030 | 3,710 |
Bus | 121 | 128 | 120 | 154 | 149 | 122 | 131 | 126 | 128 | 136 | 141 | 142 | 145 | 150 | 152 | 168 | 147 | 135 | 132 | 128 | 179 | 148 | 151 | 267 | 271 | 246 |
Transitf | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electricity | 10 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 15 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 17 |
Motor fuel | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dieselg | 30 | 36 | 40 | 53 | 63 | 89 | 95 | 97 | 100 | 99 | 99 | 99 | (R) 78 | (R) 79 | (R) 82 | (R) 84 | 86 | 87 | 99 | 81 | 80 | 78 | 80 | 79 | 78 | 96 |
Gasoline and other nondiesel fuelsh | 25 | 16 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 8 | (R) 3 | (R) 3 | (R) 3 | (R) 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 13 |
Compressed natural gas | U | U | U | U | U | U | U | U | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | (R) 2 | (R) 3 | (R) 4 | (R) 5 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 21 |
Rail, Class I (in freight service) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distillate / diesel fuel | 507 | 526 | 519 | 535 | 571 | 455 | 456 | 425 | 440 | 452 | 488 | 509 | 524 | 523 | 524 | 544 | 541 | 543 | 546 | 560 | 594 | 600 | 613 | 594 | 569 | 467 |
Amtrak | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electricity | U | U | U | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | (R) 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Distillate / diesel fuel | U | U | U | 9 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | (R) 11 | 10 | 11 | (R) 11 | (R) 12 | 14 | 14 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
Water | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Residual fuel oil | 624 | 489 | 596 | 641 | 1,414 | 725 | 999 | 1,070 | 1,037 | 834 | 851 | 930 | 900 | 791 | 888 | 922 | 1,012 | 854 | 766 | 612 | 741 | 818 | 909 | 999 | 800 | 718 |
Distillate / diesel fuel oil | 115 | 95 | 120 | 161 | 216 | 249 | 302 | 299 | 325 | 315 | 320 | 342 | 364 | 377 | 380 | 354 | 331 | 299 | 304 | 324 | 313 | 293 | 278 | 282 | 174 | 185 |
Gasoline | U | U | 79 | 96 | 139 | 139 | 171 | 226 | 174 | 115 | 115 | 140 | 131 | 130 | 126 | 145 | 148 | 131 | 143 | 146 | 133 | 166 | 163 | 161 | 150 | 149 |
Pipeline | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Natural gas | 378 | 544 | 786 | 634 | 690 | 548 | 718 | 654 | 639 | 679 | 746 | 762 | 774 | 817 | 691 | 702 | 699 | 680 | 725 | 643 | 616 | 635 | 635 | 676 | 705 | 651 |
KEY: P = preliminary; R = revised; U = data are unavailable.
a Domestic operations only.
b Includes fuel used in air taxi operations, but not commuter operations.
c The values for energy consumption by general aviation in 2009 are estimated values.
d Data for 2007-09 were calculated using a new methodology developed by FHWA. Data for these years are based on new categories and are not comparable to previous years. The new category Light duty vehicle, short wheel base includes passenger cars, light trucks, vans and sport utility vehicles with a wheelbase (WB) equal to or less than 121 inches. The new category Light duty vehicle, long wheel base includes large passenger cars, vans, pickup trucks, and sport/utility vehicles with wheelbases (WB) larger than 121 inches. In addition, this edition of table 4-06M is not comparable to previous editions.
e 1965 data includes other 2-axle 4-tire vehicles.
f Prior to 1984, excludes commuter rail, automated guideway, ferryboat, demand responsive vehicles, and most rural and smaller systems.
g Diesel includes Diesel and Bio-Diesel.
h Gasoline and all other nondiesel fuels include Gasoline, Liquified Petroleum Gas, Liquified Natural Gas, Methane, Ethanol, Bunker Fuel, Kerosene, Grain Additive, and Other Fuel.
NOTES
The following conversion rates were used:
Jet fuel = 37,626,700 joules/liter
Aviation gasoline = 33,501,698 joules/liter
Automotive gasoline = 34,839,537 joules/liter
Diesel motor fuel = 38,657,950 joules/liter
Compressed natural gas = 38,657,950 joules/liter
Distillate fuel = 38,655,829 joules/liter
Residual fuel = 41,723,829 joules/liter
Natural gas = 38,413,974 joules/m3
Electricity 1kWh = 3,600,000 joules/kWh, negating electrical system losses. To include approximate electrical system losses, multiply this conversion factor by 3.
1.055056 petajoules = 1 trillion British thermal unit (Btu).
SOURCES
Air:
Certificated air carriers:
U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Office of Airline Information, Fuel Cost and Consumption, available at http://www.bts.gov/programs/airline_information as of Apr. 21, 2011.
General aviation:
1960-70: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, FAA Statistical Handbook of Aviation - 1972 edition (Washington, DC: 1973), table 9.12.
1975-93: Ibid., General Aviation and Air Taxi Activity Survey (Washington, DC: Annual issues), table 5.1, and similar tables in earlier editions.
1994-2009: Ibid., FAA Aerospace Forecasts Fiscal Years 2011-2031 (Washington, DC: February 2011), tables 22 and 30, and similar tables in earlier editions, available at http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/apl/aviation_forecasts/ as of Apr 26, 2011.
Highway:
1960-94: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics, Summary to 1995, FHWA-PL-97-009 (Washington, DC: July 1997), table VM-201A, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohpi/hss/hsspubs.cfm as of Sep. 28, 2009.
1995-2009: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table VM-1, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm as of Oct. 6, 2011.
Transit:
Electricity / motor fuel / compressed natural gas:
American Public Transportation Association, Public Transportation Fact Book, Appendix A: Historical Tables (Washington, DC: Annual issues), tables 29, 30, 31 and similar tables in earlier editions, available at http://apta.com/resources/statistics/Pages/transitstats.aspx as of Apr. 26, 2011.
Rail:
Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts (Washington, DC: Annual issues).
Amtrak:
1975-2009: Amtrak, Energy Management Department, personal communication.
Water:
Residual and distillate / diesel fuel oil:
1960-80: American Petroleum Institute, Basic Petroleum Data Book (Washington, DC: Annual issues), tables 10, 10a, 12, and 12a.
1985-2009 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales (Washington, DC: Annual issues), tables 1, 2, and similar tables in earlier editions, available at http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/fuel_oil_and_kerosene_sales/foks.html as of Apr. 25, 2011.
Gasoline:
1970-2009: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual issues), table MF-24 and similar tables in earlier editions, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohpi/hss/hsspubs.cfm as of Apr. 26, 2011.
Pipeline:
U.S. Department of Energy, Natural Gas Annual, DOE/EIA-0131(04) (Washington, DC: Annual issues), table 15 and similar tables in earlier editions, available at http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/ng/ng_pub_publist.asp as of Apr. 26, 2011.