Table 4-32: Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Newly Manufactured Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light-Duty Trucks (Category LDT2)
Table 4-32: Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Newly Manufactured Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light-Duty Trucks (Category LDT2)
(Grams per mile)
Engine type and pollutant | Prior to controlg | 1968-1969 | 1970-1971 | 1972 | 1973-1974 | 1975 | 1976-1978 | 1979-1981 | 1982-1983 | 1984 | 1985-1986 | 1987 | 1988-1990 | 1991-1993 | Tier 1k 1994 | Tier 1k 1995-2003 | Interim Tier 2k 2004-2006 | Tier 2k 2007+ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gasoline | ||||||||||||||||||||||
HC (total) | 11 | e | 2.2 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.80 | j | (0.80) | j | (0.80) | j | j | j | j |
NMHC | h | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | (0.40) | j | (0.40) | j | j | j | j |
NMOG | h | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | 0.125 | (0.156) | 0.100 | (0.125) |
CO | 80 | I | 23 | 39 | 39 | 20 | 20 | 18 | 18 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 4.4 | (5.5) | 4.4 | (5.5) | 3.4 | (4.2) | 3.4 | (4.2) |
Cold-temp. COd | h | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | 12.5 | (j) | 12.5 | (j) | 12.5 | (j) | 12.5 | (j) |
NOx | 4 | j | j | j | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 0.7 | (0.97) | 0.7 | (0.97) | 0.4 | (0.6) | 0.14 | (0.20) |
Particulates | h | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | 0.08 | (0.10) | 0.08 | (0.08) | 0.02 | (0.02) |
Formaldehyde | h | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | 0.015 | (0.018) | 0.015 | (0.018) |
Diesel | ||||||||||||||||||||||
HC (total) | 11 | j | j | j | j | j | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.80 | j | (0.80) | j | (0.80) | j | j | j | j |
NMHC | h | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | 0.32 | (0.40) | 0.32 | (0.40) | j | j | j | j |
NMOG | h | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | (0.156) | 0.100 | (0.125) |
CO | 80 | j | j | j | j | j | 20 | 18 | 18 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 4.4 | (5.5) | 4.4 | (5.5) | j | (4.2) | 3.4 | (4.2) |
NOx | 4 | j | j | j | j | j | 3.1 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 1.7 | j | (0.97) | j | (0.97) | j | (0.6) | 0.14 | (0.20) |
Particulates | h | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.50 | 0.45 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.08 | (0.10) | j | (0.10) | 0.02 | (0.02) |
Formaldehyde | h | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | (0.018) | 0.015 | (0.018) |
LDT2 weight criteriae | GVWR up through 6,000 pounds | GVWR up through 6,000 pounds | GVWR up through 6,000 pounds | GVWR up through 6,000 pounds | GVWR up through 6,000 pounds | GVWR up through 6,000 pounds | GVWR up through 8,500 pounds | GVWR up through 8,500 pounds | GVWR up through 8,500 pounds | GVWR up through 8,500 pounds | GVWR up through 8,500 pounds | GVWR up through 6,000 pounds; LVW over 3,750 pounds | GVWR up through 6,000 pounds; LVW over 3,750 pounds | GVWR up through 6,000 pounds; LVW over 3,750 pounds | GVWR up through 6,000 pounds; LVW over 3,750 pounds | GVWR up through 6,000 pounds; LVW over 3,750 pounds | GVWR up through 6,000 pounds; LVW over 3,750 pounds | GVWR up through 6,000 pounds; LVW over 3,750 pounds | GVWR up through 6,000 pounds; LVW over 3,750 pounds | GVWR up through 6,000 pounds; LVW over 3,750 pounds | GVWR up through 6,000 pounds; LVW over 3,750 pounds | |
Test procedureb | 7-mode | 7-mode | CVS-72 | CVS-72 | CVS-75 | CVS-75 | CVS-75 | CVS-75 | CVS-75 | CVS-75 | CVS-75 | CVS-75 | CVS-75 | CVS-75 | CVS-75 | CVS-75 | CVS-75 | CVS-75 | CVS-75 | CVS-75 | CVS-75 | |
Useful life, (intermediate) c, f (full) | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | 5 years/50,000 miles | 5 years/50,000 miles | 5 years/50,000 miles | 5 years/50,000 miles | 5 years/50,000miles | 5 years/50,000miles | 5 years/50,000miles | 5 years/50,000miles | |
Useful life, (intermediate) c, f (full) | 5 years/50,000 miles | 5 years/50,000 miles | 5 years/50,000 miles | 5 years/50,000 miles | 5 years/50,000 miles | 5 years/50,000 miles | 5 years/50,000 miles | 5 years/50,000 miles | 5 years/50,000 miles | 11 years/120,000 miles | 11 years/120,000 miles | 11 years/120,000 miles | 11 years/120,000 miles | 10 years/100,000 miles | 10 years/100,000 miles | 10 years/100,000 miles | 10 years/100,000 miles | 10 years/100,000 miles | 10 years/100,000 miles | 10 years/120,000 miles | 10 years/120,000 miles |
KEY: CO=carbon monoxide; GVWR=gross vehicle weight rating; HC=hydrocarbons; LVW=loaded vehicle weight; NMHC=non-methane hydrocarbons; NMHC=nonmethane hydrocarbons; NMOG=nonmethane organic gases; NOx=nitrogen oxides.
a Light-duty truck categories LDT1-LDT4 were not created until 1994. From 1968 to 1978 all trucks with a GVWR up to 6,000 pounds were classified as light-duty trucks and were required to meet the same standards. As of 1979, the maximum weight was raised to 8,500 pounds GVWR. During 1988-93, light-duty trucks were divided into two subcategories that coincide with the current LDT1-LDT4 categories. The standards for LDT1, LDT3, and LDT4 are shown in tables 4-30a, 4-40c, and 4-30d.
b The test procedure for measuring exhaust emissions has changed several times over the course of vehicle emissions regulation. The 7-mode procedure was used through model year 1971 and was replaced by the CVS-72 procedure beginning in model year 1972. The CVS-75 procedure became the test procedure as of model year 1975. While it may appear that the total HC and CO standards were relaxed in 1972-74, these standards were actually more stringent due to the more stringent nature of the CVS-72 test procedure. Additional standards for CO and composite standards for NMHC and NOx tested over the new Supplemental Federal Test Procedure will be phased-in beginning with model year 2000. These standards are not shown in this table.
c Emissions standards had to be met for a useful life of 5 years/50,000 miles through model year 1983, and a full useful life of 11 years/120,000 miles was defined for 1985-93 (several useful life options were available for 1984). Beginning in model year 1994, emissions standards were established for an intermediate useful life of 5 years/50,000 miles as well as a full useful life (full useful life standards are shown in parentheses). HC standards, however, were established only for full useful life. Tier 1 exhaust standards, except particulates standards, were phased-in during 1994-96 at a rate of 40%, 80%, and 100%, respectively. Particulates standards were phased-in at a rate of 40%, 80%, and 100% during 1995-97.
dThe cold CO emissions standard is measured at 20 0F (rather than 75 0F) and is applicable for a 5-year/50,000-mile useful life.
eGVWR is the maximum design loaded weight. LVW is the curb weight (nominal vehicle weight) plus 300 pounds.
f Manufacturers can opt to certify vehicles for a full useful life of 15 years/150,000 miles and either have (1) intermediate useful life standards waived or (2) receive additional NOx credits.
g The "Prior to controls" reports emissions estimates of a typical newly manufactured car in the years before exhaust emissions certification standards were implemented.
h No estimate available.
i In 1968-69, exhaust emissions standards were issued in parts per million rather than grams per mile and are, therefore, incompatible with this table.
j No standard has been set.
k The term "tier" refers to a level of standards for specific years. Interim 2 refers to an intermediate level of standards that move manufacturers toward compliance with Tier 2 standards. Interim Tier 2 and Tier 2 standards are established as "bins." Each bin is a set of standards for NOx, CO, NMOG, formaldehyde, and particulates (HC and NMHC standards are dropped for Tier 2 and Interim Tier 2). Manufacturers may certify any given vehicle family to any of the bins available for that vehicle class as long as the resulting sales-weighted corporate average NOx standard is met for the full useful life. The Tier 2 corporate average NOx standard is 0.07 grams/mile. Interim corporate-based average NOx standards are based on vehicle type. The interim corporate sales-weighted average for LDT2 vehicles is 0.3 grams/mile. Tier 2 standards will be phased in at a rate of 25% in 2004, 50% in 2005, 75% in 2006, and 100% in 2007. During this period all LDT2 vehicles not meeting the Tier 2 standards must meet Interim Tier 2 standards.
SOURCES
40 CFR 86, Subpart A (July 1, 2000).
Federal Register, Vol. 65, No. 28, pp. 6851-6858.