Table 4-20: Energy Intensity of Passenger Modes (Btu per passenger-mile)

Friday, July 22, 2016

	1960	1965	1970	1975	1980	1985	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	(R) 2013	2014
Air, certificated carrier
Domestic operations	8,633	10,118	10,185	8,532	6,029	4,950	4,767	4,536	4,413	4,457	4,345	4,282	4,096	4,091	3,881	4,009	3,892	3,848	3,608	3,493	3,408	3,232	3,142	3,040	2,936	2,774	2,691	2,588	2,428	2,366	2,329
International operations	9,199	10,292	10,986	7,547	4,374	4,586	4,207	4,192	3,963	3,861	3,916	3,932	3,893	3,955	3,854	3,952	3,857	4,039	3,984	4,180	3,890	3,817	3,665	3,572	3,473	3,384	3,338	3,519	3,484	3,392	3,260
Highway
Light duty vehicle, short wheel base^a,b,c	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	3,368	3,344	3,823	(R) 3,854	3,885	3,864	3,843	3,877
Passenger cars^a,d	4,496	4,456	4,842	4,742	4,348	4,268	3,812	3,654	3,704	3,787	3,771	3,721	3,702	3,657	3,637	3,672	2,939	2,929	2,933	2,911	2,864	2,922	2,898	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Motorcycle^b,c	U	U	2,289	2,281	2,080	1,926	1,922	1,973	1,999	2,031	2,068	2,273	2,273	2,273	2,273	2,273	1,693	1,708	1,683	1,656	1,331	1,351	1,136	2,185	2,315	(R) 2,688	(R) 2,675	(R) 2,669	2,665	2,665	2,665
Light duty vehicle, long wheel base^a,b,c	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	4,537	4,159	5,411	(R) 5,447	5,472	5,465	5,453	5,472
Other 2-axle 4-tire vehicles^a,d	U	U	6,822	6,566	5,712	4,971	4,452	4,277	4,258	4,275	4,344	4,538	4,559	4,564	4,569	4,612	7,769	7,533	7,664	8,292	8,029	7,303	6,917	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Truck, single-unit 2-axle 6-tire or more^c	U	U	18,315	19,578	21,736	20,353	20,127	19,311	19,112	18,689	18,422	18,372	18,356	17,894	17,901	16,663	11,896	11,679	12,021	9,848	10,067	10,823	9,987	16,997	16,893	16,901	17,051	17,118	17,017	17,008	17,033
Truck, combination	U	26,283	26,143	24,551	23,728	22,426	21,376	21,741	21,626	21,515	21,404	21,413	21,229	20,369	24,500	23,169	19,897	18,873	19,677	17,154	17,483	19,763	19,813	20,972	20,781	20,858	21,265	21,507	21,375	21,369	21,431
Bus	U	U	U	U	U	1,098	922	886	896	894	887	889	889	885	875	884	443	466	442	427	593	502	482	821	818	814	822	828	823	823	823
Transit motor bus	N	N	N	N	2,742	3,389	3,723	3,767	4,038	3,944	4,162	4,155	4,170	(R) 3,761	(R) 3,712	(R) 3,615	(R) 3,711	(R) 3,598	(R) 3,460	(R) 3,362	(R) 3,426	(R) 3,207	(R) 3,176	(R) 3,083	(R) 3,031	(R) 3,484	(R) 3,089	(R) 1,838	(R) 3,998	3,143	2,760
Amtrak	N	N	N	2,383	2,148	2,089	2,066	1,978	2,024	2,018	1,900	2,017	2,201	2,289	2,255	2,344	2,688	2,690	2,537	2,145	2,068	2,025	1,948	1,824	1,745	1,773	1,668	1,628	1,561	1,608	1,629

KEY: Btu = British thermal unit; N = data does not exist; R = revised; U = data are not available.

^a 1960-2006 data are for Passenger Cars and Other 2-axle, 4-tire vehicles, respectively. Data for 1960-2006 are not comparable to data for 2007-12.

^b U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), provides data separately for Light duty vehicle, short wheel base (formerly Passenger car) and Motorcycle in its annual Highway Statistics series. However, the 1995 summary report provides updated data for Light duty vehicle, short wheel base (formerly Passenger car) and Motorcycle combined. Light duty vehicle, short wheel base (formerly Passenger car) figures in this table were computed by U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, by subtracting the most current motorcycle figures from the aggregate Light duty vehicle, short wheel base (formerly Passenger car) and Motorcycle figures.

^c 1960-65, Motorcycle data are included in Light duty vehicle, short wheel base (formerly Passenger car), and Long duty vehicle, long wheel base (formerly Other 2-axle 4-tire vehicle) data are included in Single-unit 2-axle 6-tire or more Truck.

^d In July 1997, the FHWA published revised vehicle-miles data for the highway modes for many years. The major change reflected the reassignment of some vehicles from the Passenger cars category to the Other 2-axle 4-tire vehicles category. This category was calculated prior to rounding.

NOTES

To calculate total Btu, multiply fuel consumed (see tables 4-21, 4-22, 4-24, 4-26) by 135,000 Btu/gallon for air carrier; 125,000 Btu/gallon for Light duty vehicle, short wheel base, Light duty vehicle, long wheel base, and Motorcycle; 138,700 Btu/gallon for Transit motor bus and Amtrak diesel consumption; and 3,412 Btu/KwH for Amtrak electric consumption.

Amtrak passenger-miles data for 2000 and earlier years are for fiscal years; and are not be comparable with 2001 and later years which is reported in calendar year.

Transit motor bus data for 1996 and later years are obtained from the National Transit Database and cannot be compared with data for earlier years.

SOURCES

Air:

Certificated air carriers:

Passenger-miles:

1960-70: Air Transport Association, available at http://www.air-transport.org/ as of July 31, 2002.

1975-2014: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, T1: U.S. Air Carrier Traffic and Capacity Summary by Service Class, available at http://www.transtats.bts.gov/Fields.asp?Table_ID=264 as of Oct. 27, 2015.

Fuel consumed:

U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Office of Airline Information, Airline Fuel Cost and Consumption, available at http://www.transtats.bts.gov/fuel.asp as of Oct. 27, 2015.

Highway:

Passenger car:

1960-94: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, table VM-201A, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm as of Oct. 6, 2011.

1995-2006: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table VM-1, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm as of Oct. 6, 2011.

Light duty vehicle, short wheel base:

2007-14: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table VM-1, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm as of June 6, 2016.

Other 2-axle 4-tire vehicle:

1970-94: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, table VM-201A, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm as of Oct. 6, 2011.

1995-2006: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table VM-1, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm as of Oct. 6, 2011.

Light duty vehicle, long wheel base:

2007-14: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table VM-1, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm as of June 6, 2016.

Motorcycle:

1970-94: Ibid., Highway Statistics, Summary to 1985 (Washington, DC: 1986), table VM-201A.

For 1970-94, the unrevised motorcycle vehicle-miles are subtracted from the combined passenger car and motorcycle vehicle-miles from VM-201A.

1995-2014: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table VM-1, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm as of June 6, 2016.

Transit motor bus:

1960-95: American Public Transportation Association, 2010 Public Transportation Fact Book Appendix A: Historical Tables (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), tables 2, 6, 30, 32 and similar tables in earlier editions, available at http://www.apta.com/resources/statistics/Pages/transitstats.aspx as of Aug 23, 2010.

1996-2014: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database, tables 17, 19, and similar tables in earlier editions, available at http://www.ntdprogram.gov/ntdprogram/data.htm as of Apr. 13, 2016.

Amtrak:

1975-2001: Amtrak., State and Local Affairs Department, personal communication.

2001-14: Amtrak, personal communications, Jan. 7, 2010, Jul. 26, 2011, Apr. 24, 2012, June 9, 2014, Sept. 11, 2015, and Jun. 21, 2016.

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Table 4-20: Energy Intensity of Passenger Modes (Btu per passenger-mile)