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Table 4-34: Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Newly Manufactured Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light-Duty Trucks (Category LDT4)

Wednesday, November 21, 2012

Table 4-34: Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Newly Manufactured Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light-Duty Trucks (Category LDT4)

Excel | CSV

(Grams per mile)

Engine type and pollutant Prior to controlg 1968-1969 1970-1971 1972 1973-1974 1975 1976-1978 1979-1981 1982-1983 1984 1985-1986 1987 1988-1989 1990 1991-1995 Tier 1k 1996-2007 Interim Tier 2k 2008 Tier 2k 2009+
Gasoline                                    
HC (total) 11 I 2.2 3.4 3.4 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.7 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 j (0.8) j j
NMHC h j j j j j j j j j j j j j j 0.39 (0.56) j j
NMOG h j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j 0.160 (0.230) 0.125 (0.156)
CO 80 i 23 39 39 20 20 18 18 10 10 10 10 10 10 5 (7.3) 4.4 (6.4) 3.4 (4.2)
Cold-temp. COd h j j j j j j j j j j j j j j 12.5 (j) 12.5 (j) 12.5 (j)
NOx 4 j j j 3.0 3.1 3.1 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 1.7 1.7 1.1 (1.53) 0.4 (0.6) 0.14 (0.20)
Particulates h j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j (0.12) 0.08 (0.08) 0.02 (0.02)
Formaldehyde h j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j 0.018 (0.027) 0.015 (0.018)
Diesel                                    
HC (total) 11 j j j j j 2.0 1.7 1.7 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 j (0.8) j j
NMHC h j j j j j j j j j j j j j j 0.39 (0.56) j j
NMOG h j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j (0.230) 0.125 (0.156)
CO 80 j j j j j 20 18 18 10 10 10 10 10 10 5 (7.3) j (6.4) 3.4 (4.2)
NOx 4 j j j j j 3.1 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 1.7 1.7 j (1.53) j (0.6) 0.14 (0.20)
Particulates h j j j j j j j 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.50 0.45 0.45 0.13 j (0.12) j (0.08) 0.02 (0.02)
Formaldehyde h j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j (0.027) 0.015 (0.018)
LDT4 weight criteriae   GVWR up through 6,000 pounds GVWR up through 6,000 pounds GVWR up through 6,000 pounds GVWR up through 6,000 pounds GVWR up through 6,000 pounds GVWR up through 6,000 pounds GVWR up through 8,500 pounds GVWR up through 8,500 pounds GVWR up through 8,500 pounds GVWR up through 8,500 pounds GVWR up through 8,500 pounds Any ALVW Any ALVW Any ALVW ALVW over 5,750 pounds ALVW over 5,750 pounds ALVW over 5,750 pounds
LDT4 weight criteriae   GVWR up through 6,000 pounds GVWR up through 6,000 pounds GVWR up through 6,000 pounds GVWR up through 6,000 pounds GVWR up through 6,000 pounds GVWR up through 6,000 pounds GVWR up through 8,500 pounds GVWR up through 8,500 pounds GVWR up through 8,500 pounds GVWR up through 8,500 pounds GVWR up through 8,500 pounds GVWR 6,001-8,500 pounds GVWR 6,001-8,500 pounds GVWR 6,001-8,500 pounds GVWR 6,001-8,500 pounds GVWR 6,001-8,500 pounds GVWR 6,001-8,500 pounds
Test procedureb   7-mode 7-mode CVS-72 CVS-73 CVS-75 CVS-76 CVS-77 CVS-78 CVS-79 CVS-80 CVS-81 CVS-82 CVS-83 CVS-84 CVS-85 CVS-86 CVS-87
Useful life, intermediatec,f   j j j j j j j j j j j j j j 5 years/50,000 miles 6 years/50,000 miles 7 years/50,000 miles
Useful life, full   5 years/50,000 miles 6 years/50,000 miles 7 years/50,000 miles 8 years/50,000 miles 9 years/50,000 miles 10 years/50,000 miles 11 years/50,000 miles 12 years/50,000 miles 13 years/50,000 miles 11 years/120,000 miles 12 years/120,000 miles 13 years/120,000 miles 14 years/120,000 miles 15 years/120,000 miles 16 years/120,000 miles 17 years/120,000 miles 18 years/120,000 miles

KEY: ALVW=adjusted loaded vehicle weight; CO = carbon monoxide; GVWR=gross vehicle weight rating; HC = hydrocarbons; NMHC=nonmethane hydrocarbon; NMOG=nonmethane organic gases; NOx=nitrogen oxides.

a Light-duty truck categories LDT1-LDT4 were not created until 1994. From 1968 to 1978 all trucks with a GVWR up to 6,000 pounds were classified as light-duty trucks and were required to meet the same standards. As of 1979, the maximum weight was raised to 8,500 pounds GVWR. During 1988-93, light-duty trucks were divided into two subcategories that coincide with the current LDT1-LDT4 categories. The standards for LDT1, LDT2, and LDT3 are given in tables 4-30a, 4-40b, and 4-30c.

b The test procedure for measuring exhaust emissions has changed several times over the course of vehicle emissions regulation. The 7-mode procedure was used through model year 1971 and was replaced by the CVS-72 procedure beginning in model year 1972. The CVS-75 procedure became the test procedure as of model year 1975. While it may appear that the total HC and CO standards were relaxed in 1972-74, these standards were actually more stringent due to the more stringent nature of the CVS-72 test procedure.

Additional standards for CO and composite standards for NMHC and NOx tested over the new Supplemental Federal Test Procedure will be phased-in beginning with model year 2002. These standards are not shown in this table.

c Emissions standards had to be met for a full useful life of 5 years/50,000 miles through model year 1983, and a full useful life of 11 years/120,000 miles was defined for 1985-93 (several useful life options were available for 1984). Beginning in model year 1996, emissions standards were established for an intermediate useful life of 5 years/50,000 miles as well as a full useful life of 11 years/120,000 miles (intermediate and full useful life standards are shown in parentheses). This applied to all pollutants except HC and particulates for all LDT4 vehicles and NOx for diesel-powered LDT4 vehicles, which were only required to meet full useful life standards. Tier 1 exhaust standards were phased-in during 1996-97 at a rate of 50% and 100%, respectively.

d The cold CO emissions standard is measured at 20 0F (rather than 75 0F) and is applicable for a 5-year/50,000-mile useful life.

e GVWR is the maximum design loaded weight. ALVW is the numerical average of the GVWR and the curb weight.

f Manufacturers can opt to certify vehicles for a full useful life of 15 years/150,000 miles and either have (1) intermediate useful life standards waived or (2) receive additional NOx credits.

g The "Prior to control" column reports emissions estimates of a typical newly manufactured car in the years before exhaust emissions certification standards were implemented.

h No estimate available.

i In 1968-69, exhaust emissions standards were issued in parts per million rather than grams per mile and are, therefore, incompatible with this table.

j No standard has been set.

k The term "tier" refers to a level of standards for specific years. Interim 2 refers to an intermediate level of standards that moves manufacturers toward compliance with Tier 2 standards. Interim Tier 2 and Tier 2 standards are established as "bins." Each bin is a set of standards for NOx, CO, NMOG, formaldehyde, and particulate matter (HC and non-methane HC standards are dropped for Tier 2 and interim Tier 2). Manufacturers may certify any given vehicle family to any of the bins available for that vehicle class as long as the resulting sales-weighted corporate average NOx standard is met for full useful life. The Tier 2 corporate average NOx standard is 0.07 grams/mile. Interim corporate-based average NOx standards are based on vehicle type. The interim corporate sales-weighted average for LDT4 vehicles is 0.6 grams/mile. Tier 2 standards will be phased in during 2008 and 2009. In 2008, 50% of LDT4 vehicles must meet Tier 2 standards; the others must meet Interim Tier 2 standards. Beginning in 2009, all LDT4 vehicles must meet Tier 2 standards.

SOURCES

40 CFR 86, Subpart A (July 1, 2000).

Federal Register, Vol. 65, No. 28, pp. 6851-6858.