TABLE D-1 Travel Time Index by Metro Area: 1993 and 2003
TABLE D-1 Travel Time Index by Metro Area: 1993 and 2003
The Travel Time Index (TTI) is the ratio of peak period travel time to free-flow travel time. It expresses the average amount of extra time it takes to travel in the peak period relative to free-flow travel.
Urban areas | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Akron, OH | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 1.09 | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.09 | 1.09 |
Albany-Schenectady, NY | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.08 |
Albuquerque, NM | 1.14 | 1.18 | 1.21 | 1.23 | 1.24 | 1.26 | 1.24 | 1.21 | 1.20 | 1.17 | 1.17 |
Allentown-Bethlehem, PA-NJ | 1.12 | 1.13 | 1.13 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.14 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.14 |
Anchorage, AK | 1.03 | 1.04 | 1.03 | 1.03 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.05 |
Atlanta, GA | 1.18 | 1.24 | 1.26 | 1.29 | 1.31 | 1.34 | 1.32 | 1.35 | 1.40 | 1.42 | 1.46 |
Austin, TX | 1.14 | 1.17 | 1.20 | 1.23 | 1.26 | 1.24 | 1.26 | 1.26 | 1.30 | 1.31 | 1.33 |
Bakersfield, CA | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.07 |
Baltimore, MD | 1.20 | 1.22 | 1.24 | 1.24 | 1.26 | 1.25 | 1.26 | 1.27 | 1.30 | 1.35 | 1.37 |
Beaumont, TX | 1.04 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.07 |
Birmingham, AL | 1.08 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.12 | 1.13 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.16 | 1.17 |
Boston, MA-NH-RI | 1.26 | 1.27 | 1.25 | 1.26 | 1.29 | 1.30 | 1.29 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.35 | 1.34 |
Boulder, CO | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.09 | 1.08 | 1.09 | 1.08 |
Bridgeport-Stamford, CT-NY | 1.15 | 1.17 | 1.19 | 1.18 | 1.21 | 1.24 | 1.28 | 1.27 | 1.27 | 1.30 | 1.29 |
Brownsville, TX | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.07 | 1.06 |
Buffalo, NY | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.10 |
Cape Coral, FL | 1.11 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.13 | 1.14 | 1.14 | 1.14 | 1.14 | 1.14 | 1.17 | 1.18 |
Charleston-North Charleston, SC | 1.15 | 1.14 | 1.14 | 1.13 | 1.15 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 1.18 | 1.17 | 1.18 | 1.20 |
Charlotte, NC-SC | 1.17 | 1.16 | 1.17 | 1.19 | 1.23 | 1.23 | 1.24 | 1.26 | 1.26 | 1.31 | 1.31 |
Chicago, IL-IN | 1.34 | 1.33 | 1.38 | 1.44 | 1.43 | 1.47 | 1.47 | 1.44 | 1.47 | 1.54 | 1.57 |
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN | 1.15 | 1.18 | 1.18 | 1.20 | 1.22 | 1.22 | 1.21 | 1.23 | 1.22 | 1.22 | 1.22 |
Cleveland, OH | 1.08 | 1.10 | 1.13 | 1.15 | 1.17 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.13 | 1.12 | 1.10 | 1.09 |
Colorado Springs, CO | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.13 | 1.16 | 1.18 | 1.21 | 1.22 | 1.21 | 1.19 |
Columbia, SC | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.06 |
Columbus, OH | 1.14 | 1.17 | 1.18 | 1.20 | 1.21 | 1.21 | 1.22 | 1.19 | 1.18 | 1.19 | 1.19 |
Corpus Christi, TX | 1.03 | 1.03 | 1.03 | 1.03 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.04 | 1.05 |
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.21 | 1.22 | 1.24 | 1.27 | 1.31 | 1.32 | 1.33 | 1.35 | 1.36 |
Dayton, OH | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.10 | 1.09 | 1.08 |
Denver-Aurora, CO | 1.24 | 1.24 | 1.30 | 1.33 | 1.37 | 1.39 | 1.38 | 1.41 | 1.45 | 1.40 | 1.40 |
Detroit, MI | 1.36 | 1.33 | 1.32 | 1.33 | 1.35 | 1.36 | 1.35 | 1.33 | 1.35 | 1.36 | 1.38 |
El Paso, TX-NM | 1.07 | 1.09 | 1.08 | 1.07 | 1.09 | 1.10 | 1.14 | 1.16 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 1.17 |
Eugene, OR | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.09 | 1.12 | 1.11 | 1.10 | 1.11 |
Fresno, CA | 1.12 | 1.11 | 1.13 | 1.13 | 1.16 | 1.18 | 1.20 | 1.19 | 1.16 | 1.15 | 1.14 |
Grand Rapids, MI | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.12 | 1.16 | 1.15 | 1.14 | 1.13 | 1.13 | 1.14 |
Hartford, CT | 1.07 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.11 |
Honolulu, HI | 1.21 | 1.22 | 1.23 | 1.23 | 1.20 | 1.21 | 1.21 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.18 | 1.19 |
Houston, TX | 1.24 | 1.27 | 1.28 | 1.32 | 1.35 | 1.34 | 1.37 | 1.36 | 1.38 | 1.41 | 1.42 |
Indianapolis, IN | 1.16 | 1.20 | 1.22 | 1.25 | 1.26 | 1.22 | 1.23 | 1.24 | 1.26 | 1.24 | 1.24 |
Jacksonville, FL | 1.14 | 1.14 | 1.18 | 1.17 | 1.16 | 1.14 | 1.14 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.16 | 1.18 |
Kansas City, MO-KS | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 1.08 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 1.11 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.11 |
Laredo, TX | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.07 | 1.07 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.07 | 1.08 |
Las Vegas, NV | 1.24 | 1.28 | 1.27 | 1.30 | 1.33 | 1.33 | 1.34 | 1.34 | 1.35 | 1.36 | 1.39 |
Little Rock, AK | 1.03 | 1.03 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 1.06 |
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA | 1.73 | 1.64 | 1.72 | 1.78 | 1.77 | 1.83 | 1.80 | 1.76 | 1.78 | 1.77 | 1.75 |
Louisville, KY-IN | 1.15 | 1.16 | 1.16 | 1.19 | 1.21 | 1.22 | 1.24 | 1.23 | 1.22 | 1.24 | 1.24 |
Memphis, TN-MS-AR | 1.11 | 1.14 | 1.17 | 1.18 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.20 | 1.22 | 1.22 |
Miami, FL | 1.26 | 1.26 | 1.28 | 1.29 | 1.30 | 1.31 | 1.34 | 1.35 | 1.37 | 1.40 | 1.42 |
Milwaukee, WI | 1.17 | 1.16 | 1.19 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.22 | 1.25 | 1.24 | 1.23 | 1.23 | 1.21 |
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN | 1.16 | 1.20 | 1.22 | 1.23 | 1.30 | 1.32 | 1.35 | 1.32 | 1.34 | 1.34 | 1.34 |
Nashville-Davidson, TN | 1.09 | 1.12 | 1.13 | 1.14 | 1.16 | 1.15 | 1.17 | 1.18 | 1.17 | 1.19 | 1.18 |
New Haven, CT | 1.08 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 1.07 | 1.09 | 1.12 | 1.13 | 1.14 | 1.15 | 1.14 | 1.13 |
New Orleans, LA | 1.16 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.20 | 1.18 | 1.17 | 1.18 | 1.19 |
New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT | 1.28 | 1.31 | 1.33 | 1.34 | 1.36 | 1.36 | 1.40 | 1.38 | 1.38 | 1.40 | 1.39 |
Oklahoma City, OK | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 1.11 | 1.09 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.10 |
Omaha, NE-IA | 1.10 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.14 | 1.13 | 1.14 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.16 | 1.17 | 1.18 |
Orlando, FL | 1.21 | 1.20 | 1.21 | 1.22 | 1.24 | 1.27 | 1.27 | 1.28 | 1.30 | 1.31 | 1.30 |
Oxnard-Ventura, CA | 1.10 | 1.14 | 1.15 | 1.16 | 1.14 | 1.15 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.21 | 1.21 | 1.23 |
Pensacola, FL-AL | 1.11 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.10 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.14 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.12 |
Philadelphia, PA-NJ-DE-MD | 1.20 | 1.21 | 1.24 | 1.27 | 1.27 | 1.33 | 1.33 | 1.31 | 1.35 | 1.35 | 1.32 |
Phoenix, AZ | 1.27 | 1.28 | 1.24 | 1.30 | 1.33 | 1.31 | 1.38 | 1.38 | 1.40 | 1.35 | 1.35 |
Pittsburgh, PA | 1.09 | 1.09 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.12 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 |
Portland, OR-WA | 1.24 | 1.25 | 1.28 | 1.31 | 1.35 | 1.34 | 1.37 | 1.37 | 1.39 | 1.38 | 1.37 |
Providence, RI-MA | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.12 | 1.14 | 1.12 | 1.13 | 1.14 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.18 | 1.19 |
Raleigh-Durham, NC | 1.12 | 1.13 | 1.14 | 1.13 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.14 | 1.16 | 1.19 | 1.18 | 1.19 |
Richmond, VA | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 1.07 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.09 |
Riverside-San Bernardino, CA | 1.27 | 1.23 | 1.26 | 1.28 | 1.27 | 1.31 | 1.33 | 1.33 | 1.32 | 1.34 | 1.37 |
Rochester, NY | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.07 |
Sacramento, CA | 1.19 | 1.22 | 1.21 | 1.24 | 1.23 | 1.25 | 1.27 | 1.29 | 1.32 | 1.34 | 1.37 |
Salem, OR | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.09 | 1.11 | 1.11 |
Salt Lake City, UT | 1.13 | 1.15 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 1.15 | 1.16 | 1.17 | 1.18 | 1.23 | 1.26 | 1.28 |
San Antonio, TX | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.13 | 1.16 | 1.22 | 1.24 | 1.22 | 1.23 | 1.22 |
San Diego, CA | 1.22 | 1.22 | 1.22 | 1.23 | 1.25 | 1.26 | 1.32 | 1.32 | 1.32 | 1.40 | 1.41 |
San Francisco-Oakland, CA | 1.44 | 1.40 | 1.45 | 1.45 | 1.42 | 1.47 | 1.49 | 1.54 | 1.54 | 1.55 | 1.54 |
San Jose, CA | 1.34 | 1.33 | 1.34 | 1.33 | 1.30 | 1.34 | 1.39 | 1.42 | 1.43 | 1.39 | 1.37 |
Sarasota-Bradenton, FL | 1.18 | 1.19 | 1.16 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.20 | 1.24 | 1.22 | 1.22 | 1.25 | 1.25 |
Seattle, WA | 1.35 | 1.34 | 1.36 | 1.36 | 1.40 | 1.39 | 1.40 | 1.35 | 1.35 | 1.36 | 1.38 |
Spokane, WA | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.07 | 1.07 | 1.08 |
Springfield, MA-CT | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.06 |
St. Louis, MO-IL | 1.18 | 1.19 | 1.21 | 1.21 | 1.24 | 1.24 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.23 | 1.24 | 1.22 |
Tampa-St. Petersburg, FL | 1.30 | 1.32 | 1.32 | 1.31 | 1.29 | 1.28 | 1.29 | 1.27 | 1.31 | 1.31 | 1.33 |
Toledo, OH-MI | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.09 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.10 |
Tucson, AZ | 1.14 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.19 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.19 | 1.22 | 1.28 | 1.31 |
Tulsa, OK | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.09 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 |
Virginia Beach, VA | 1.13 | 1.15 | 1.16 | 1.18 | 1.18 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.16 | 1.18 | 1.20 | 1.21 |
Washington, DC-VA-MD | 1.38 | 1.37 | 1.40 | 1.44 | 1.43 | 1.46 | 1.47 | 1.44 | 1.46 | 1.50 | 1.51 |
85-Area Average | 1.28 | 1.27 | 1.29 | 1.31 | 1.32 | 1.34 | 1.35 | 1.34 | 1.35 | 1.37 | 1.37 |
Very Large Area Average | 1.38 | 1.37 | 1.40 | 1.43 | 1.43 | 1.46 | 1.46 | 1.45 | 1.47 | 1.49 | 1.48 |
Large Area Average | 1.19 | 1.20 | 1.21 | 1.23 | 1.24 | 1.25 | 1.26 | 1.26 | 1.27 | 1.28 | 1.28 |
Medium Area Average | 1.11 | 1.12 | 1.13 | 1.14 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.16 | 1.16 | 1.17 | 1.18 | 1.18 |
Small Area Average | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.09 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 |
NOTE: To determine the increased travel time, a TTI of 1.3, for example, indicates a 20-minute free-flow trip will take 26 minutes during the peak travel time periods, a 6-minute (30 percent) travel time penalty.
SOURCE: Texas A&M University, Texas Transportation Institute, 2005 Urban Mobility Report (College Station, TX: 2005), also available at http://tti.tamu.edu/, as of July 2006.