Box 7-A Environmental Challenges Associated With Marine Transportation

According to the Freight Analysis Framework, the water mode moved more than 1 billion tons of goods valued at $831 billion in 2015, accounting for 5.7 percent of the weight and 4.3 percent of the value of all domestic freight shipments [USDOT FHWA and BTS 2016]. Marine transport of this...

Figure 7-17 Petroleum Spills Impacting Navigable Waterways: 1985, 1990, and 1995-2015

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NOTES: The spike in Gallons spilled for 2005 can be attributed to the passage of Hurricane Katrina in Louisiana and Mississippi on Aug. 29, 2005, which caused numerous spills approximating 8 million gallons of oil in U.S. waters. The...

Figure 7-16 Air Quality Index for 169 U.S. Cities: 2000 and 2015

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NOTES: Based on number of days in the year in which an AQI mesasurement was reported from any monitoring site in the county or Metropolican Staistical Area to the Air Quality Statistics database. # Days Good: number of days in the year...

Figure 7-15 Indexes of Key Air Pollutant Emissions from U.S. Transportation: 1990-2014

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SOURCE: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Emissions Inventory Air Pollutant Emissions Trends Data, 1970-2014, Average Annual Emissions All Criteria Pollutants, Available at https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-inventories/air-...

Figure 7-14 Highway Vehicle Fuel Use and Travel: 2014-Projected to 2040

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KEY: VMT = Vehicle-miles Travelled.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2015. Reference Case table 7. Available at http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/aeo/ as of April...

Figure 7-13 Transportation Energy Use: Projected 2015–2040

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SOURCE: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2015. Transportation Sector Energy Use by Mode and Type. Available at http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/aeo/ as of June 2015.

Figure 7-12 CNG and LNG Refueling Stations by State: 2015

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Alternative Fuels Data Center. Ethanol Fueling Station Locations. Available at http://www.afdc.energy.gov/ as of October 2015.

Figure 7-11 Electric Vehicle Refueling Stations by State: 2015

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Alternative Fuels Data Center. Ethanol Fueling Station Locations. Available at http://www.afdc.energy.gov/ as of October 2015.

Table 7-1: Alternative Fuel Stations by State, October 2016

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Total Public and Private Alternative Fueling Station Counts

Figure 7-10 Sales of Hybrid, Plug-in Hybrid and Battery Electric Vehicles: 1999-2015

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SOURCES: HybridCars, December Dashboards, Annual Issues, available at www.hybridcars.com as of April 2016.