FIGURE 5-5 Highway Reliability As Measured by the Planning Time Index in 18 Cities: January-December 2007, 2009, 2011, and 2012

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NOTES: Multi-city average is weighted by VMT in these respective cities: Boston, MA; Chicago, IL; Detroit, MI; Houston, TX; Los Angeles, CA; Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN; Oklahoma City, OK; Orange County, CA; Philadelphia, PA; Pittsburgh, PA;...

FIGURE 5-4 National Flight Delays by Cause, Percent of Total Delay Minutes: 2004-2013

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SOURCE: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Transtats Database, Airline On-Time Performance, available at http://www.transtats.bts.gov/ as of February 2014.

TABLE 5-2 Percentage of All Delayed Flights by Length of Time Delayed: 2004-2013

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FIGURE 5-3 Percent of Congestion by Time of Day: 2011

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SOURCE: Texas A&M University, Texas Transportation Institute, 2012 Urban Mobility Report (December 2012: full report with exhibits), Exhibit 5. Available at http://tti.tamu.edu/ as of October 2013.

FIGURE 5-2 Vehicle Travel and Travel Delays in Congestion Ranges: 2011

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SOURCE: Texas A&M University, Texas Transportation Institute, 2012 Urban Mobility Report, available at http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/mobility-report-2012.pdf as of October 2013.

TABLE 5-1 Annual Congestion Delay and Costs: 1990, 1995, 2000, & 2005-2011

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498 urban area

BOX 5-B System Performance User’s v. Operator’s Perspectives

From the user’s standpoint, system performance is based on an individual trip. Travel time to work refers to the total number of minutes it normally takes a person to get from home to work each day, including time spent waiting for public transportation, picking up passengers in...

FIGURE 5-1 Number of Jobs Accessible by Commute Time: 1990, 2000, and 2010

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SOURCE: Levinson, D. 2013. Access Across America, Center for Transportation Studies, University of Minnesota, Access Across America. CTS 13-20. Figure 3.1. Available at http://www.cts.umn.edu/Research/featured/access/ as of December 2013....

BOX 5-A MAP-21 Emphasis on Performance-Based Decision Making

“The statewide [metropolitan] transportation planning process shall provide for the establishment and use of a performance-based approach to transportation decision making to support the national goals…

FIGURE 4-7 Value of U.S. International Merchandise Trade by Coasts and Borders: 1951–2013

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NOTES: The value of coal shipments through Mobile, AL; Charleston, SC; and Norfolk, VA are considered proprietary information and are consolidated. The total value of coal exports for the above three cities are included under the Atlantic...